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Food and You 2: Wave 8 Key Findings

F&Y2 Wave 8: Chapter 6 Eating at home

This chapter provides an overview of respondents’ knowledge and reported behaviours relating to food safety and other food-related behaviours.

Last updated: 25 November 2024
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Last updated: 25 November 2024
See all updates

Introduction

The FSA is responsible for protecting the public from foodborne diseases. This involves working with farmers, food producers and processors, and the retail and hospitality sectors to ensure that the food people buy is safe. The FSA gives practical guidance and recommendations to consumers on food safety and hygiene in the home. 

The Food and You 2 survey asks respondents about their food-related behaviours in the home, including whether specific foods are eaten, and knowledge and reported behaviour in relation to five important aspects of food safety: cleaning, cooking, chilling, avoiding cross-contamination and use-by dates. Food and You 2 also asks respondents about the frequency they prepare or consume certain types of food. 

Two versions of the ‘Eating at home’ module have been created; a ‘core’ module which includes a limited number of key questions which are fielded annually, and a ‘deep dive’ module which includes additional questions and is fielded every 2 years. This chapter reports on questions from the core ‘Eating at home’ module (footnote 1).

This chapter provides an overview of respondents’ knowledge and reported behaviours relating to food safety and other food-related behaviours. 

Cleaning

Handwashing in the home

The FSA recommends that everyone should wash their hands before they prepare, cook or eat food, after handling raw food and before preparing ready-to-eat food.

7 in 10 (70%) respondents reported that they always wash their hands before preparing or cooking food, 29% reported that they do this most of the time or less often, whilst 1% reported never doing this (footnote 2).

Most respondents (92%) reported that they always wash their hands immediately after handling raw meat, poultry, or fish, 7% reported that they do this most of the time or less often, and less than 0.5% reported never doing this (footnote 3).

Two-fifths (41%) of respondents reported that they always wash their hands before eating, 55% reported doing this most of the time or less often, and 3% reported never washing their hands before eating (footnote 4).

Handwashing when eating out

Respondents were asked, how often, if at all, they washed their hands or used hand sanitising gel or wipes before eating when they ate outside of their home. A third (33%) of respondents reported that they always washed their hands, used hand sanitising gel or wipes when they ate outside of their home, 59% did this most of the time or less often and 7% never did this (footnote 5).

Chilling

The FSA provides guidance on how to chill food properly to help stop harmful bacteria growing.

If and how respondents check fridge temperature

When asked what temperature the inside of a fridge should be, 60% of respondents who have a fridge, reported that it should be between 0-5 degrees Celsius, as recommended by the FSA. A fifth (20%) of respondents reported that the temperature should be above 5 degrees, 3% reported that the temperature should be below 0 degrees, and 16% of respondents did not know what temperature the inside of their fridge should be (footnote 6).

Almost three-fifths (58%) of respondents who have a fridge reported that they monitored the temperature; either manually (46%) or via an internal temperature alarm (12%) (footnote 7). Of the respondents who monitor the temperature of their fridge, 80% reported that they check the temperature of their fridge at least once a month  (footnote 8).

Cooking

The FSA recommends that cooking food at the right temperature and for the correct length of time will ensure that any harmful bacteria are killed. When cooking pork, poultry, and minced meat products the FSA recommends that the meat is steaming hot and cooked all the way through, that none of the meat is pink and that any juices run clear.

Around three quarters (77%) of respondents reported that they always cook food until it is steaming hot and cooked all the way through, however 23% reported that they do not always do this (footnote 9).

Respondents were asked to indicate how often they eat chicken or turkey when the meat is pink or has pink juices (footnote 10). 9 in 10 (90%) respondents reported that they never eat chicken or turkey when it is pink or has pink juices. However, 7% of respondents reported eating chicken or turkey at least occasionally when it is pink or has pink juices (footnote 11).

Reheating

Figure 24. How respondents check whether reheated food is ready to eat.

Bar chart showing how respondents check whether reheated food is ready to eat
Method used Percentage of respondents (%)
Use a thermometer / probe 13
Put my hand over / touch it 15
Taste it 27
Check it is an even temperature throughout 30
Use a timer 33
Stir it 35
See steam coming from it 36
See it's bubbling 37
Follow label instructions 47
Check the middle is hot 56

Download this chart

Source: Food and You 2 Wave 8

Respondents were asked to indicate how they check food is ready to eat when they reheat it. The most common method was to check the middle is hot (56%), and the least common methods were to put a hand over the food or touch the food (15%) or use a thermometer or probe (13%) (Figure 24) (footnote 12).

The FSA recommends that food is only reheated once. When respondents were asked how many times they would reheat food, the majority reported that they would only reheat food once (79%), 11% would reheat food twice, and 3% would reheat food more than twice (footnote 13).

Leftovers

Respondents were asked for how long they would keep leftovers in the fridge. Around 6 in 10 (64%) respondents reported that they would eat leftovers within 2 days, 27% of respondents reported that they would eat leftovers within 3-5 days and 2% would eat leftovers more than 5 days later (footnote 14).

Avoiding cross-contamination

The FSA provides guidelines on how to avoid cross-contamination. The FSA recommends that people do not wash raw meat, fish or poultry. Washing raw meat can spread harmful bacteria onto your hands, clothes, utensils, and worktops.

Respondents were asked how often, if at all, they washed raw chicken (footnote 15). Over half (56%) of respondents reported that they never wash raw chicken, however, 40% of respondents reported that they do this at least occasionally (footnote 16).

How and where respondents store raw meat and poultry in the fridge

The FSA recommends that refrigerated raw meat and poultry are kept covered, separately from ready-to-eat foods and stored at the bottom of the fridge to avoid cross-contamination.

Respondents were asked to indicate, from a range of responses, how they store meat and poultry in the fridge. Respondents were most likely to report storing raw meat and poultry in its original packaging (71%) or away from cooked foods (51%). Around 4 in 10 respondents reported storing raw meat and poultry in a sealed container (40%) and covered raw meat and poultry with film/foil (35%), with 14% keeping the product on a plate (footnote 17).

Most respondents (63%) reported only storing raw meat and poultry at the bottom of the fridge, as recommended by the FSA. However, 20% of respondents reported storing raw meat and poultry wherever there is space in the fridge, 11% reported storing raw meat and poultry in the middle of the fridge, and 7% at the top of the fridge (footnote 18).

Use-by and best before dates

Respondents were asked about their understanding of the different types of date labels and instructions on food packaging, as storing food for too long or at the wrong temperature can cause food poisoning. Use-by dates relate to food safety. Best before (BBE) dates relate to food quality.

Respondents were asked to indicate which date shows that food is no longer safe to eat. Around two-thirds (65%) of respondents correctly identified the use-by date as the information which shows that food is no longer safe to eat. However, some respondents identified the best before date (10%) as the date which shows food is no longer safe to eat (footnote 19).

Two-thirds (66%) of respondents reported that they always check use-by dates before they cook or prepare food, 31% reported checking use-by most of the time or less often, and 1% reported never checking use-by dates (footnote 20).

Figure 25. How long after the use-by date respondents would consume different foods.

Bar chart showing how long after the use-by date respondents would consume different foods
Type of food Any point after UBD 7+ days 3-6 days 1-2 days Never
Shellfish 23 0 2 20 75
Any other fish 35 0 4 31 62
Raw meat such as beef, lamb or pork or raw poultry 46 1 6 38 52
Smoked fish 49 2 13 34 48
Milk 57 2 18 37 40
Cooked meats 45 1 16 40 40
Yoghurt 61 6 22 34 36
Bagged salads 71 2 22 47 26
Cheese 71 18 28 24 23

Download this chart

Source: Food & You 2: Wave 8

Respondents who eat certain foods were asked when, if at all, is the latest that they would eat the type of food after the use-by date. Most respondents reported that they would not eat shellfish (75%), or other fish (62%) past the use-by date. Around half of respondents would not eat raw meat (52%) or smoked fish (48%) past the use-by date. Bagged salad (71%) and cheese (71%) were the foods respondents were most likely to report eating at any point after the use-by date. Around 6 in 10 respondents would eat yoghurt (61%) milk (57%), or cooked meats (57%) at any point after the use-by date (Figure 25) (footnote 21).