English Cymraeg
Technical Report Risk Profile on Edible Insects

Edible insects: References

References for the risk profile on edible insects technical report.

Last updated: 3 October 2022
See all updates
View as PDF
Last updated: 3 October 2022
See all updates
View as PDF
  • BARRE, A., PICHEREAUX, C., VELAZQUEZ, E., MAUDOUIT, A., SIMPLICIEN, M., GARNIER, L., BIENVENU, F., BIENVENU, J., BURLET-SCHILTZ, O., AURIOL, C., BENOIST, H. & ROUGÉ, P. 2019. Insights into the Allergenic Potential of the Edible Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Foods, 8. BEDNARSKA, A. J. & ŚWIĄTEK, Z. 2016. Subcellular partitioning of cadmium and zinc in mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) larvae exposed to metal-contaminated flour. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 133, 82-89.
  • BIANCAROSA, I., LILAND, N. S., BIEMANS, D., ARAUJO, P., BRUCKNER, C. G., WAAGBØ, R., TORSTENSEN, B. E., LOCK, E.-J. & AMLUND, H. 2018. Uptake of heavy metals and arsenic in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae grown on seaweed-enriched media. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98, 2176-2183.
  • BOSCH, G., FELS-KLERX, J. V. D. H., RIJK, C. D. T. & OONINCX, G. A. B. D. 2017. Aflatoxin B1 Tolerance and Accumulation in Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) and Yellow Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). Toxins, 9.
  • BROEKMAN, H., VERHOECKX, K. C., DEN HARTOG JAGER, C. F., KRUIZINGA, A. G., PRONK-KLEINJAN, M., REMINGTON, B. C., BRUIJNZEEL-KOOMEN, C. A., HOUBEN, G. F. & KNULST, A. C. 2016. Majority of shrimp-allergic patients are allergic to mealworm. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 137, 1261-1263.
  • BROEKMAN, H. C. H. P., KNULST, A. C., DE JONG, G., GASPARI, M., DEN HARTOG JAGER, C. F., HOUBEN, G. F. & VERHOECKX, K. C. M. 2017a. Is mealworm or shrimp allergy indicative for food allergy to insects? Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 61, 1601061.
  • BROEKMAN, H. C. H. P., KNULST, A. C., DEN HARTOG JAGER, C. F., VAN BILSEN, J. H. M., RAYMAKERS, F. M. L., KRUIZINGA, A. G., GASPARI, M., GABRIELE, C., BRUIJNZEEL-KOOMEN, C. A. F. M., HOUBEN, G. F. & VERHOECKX, K. C. M. 2017b. Primary respiratory and food allergy to mealworm. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 140, 600-603.e7.
  • CAMARGO, A. C., COSSI, M. V. C., SILVA, W. P. D. & BERSOT, L. D. S. 2019. Microbiological Testing for the Proper Assessment of the Hygiene Status of Beef Carcasses. 7.
  • CAMENZULI, L., VAN DAM, R., DE RIJK, T., ANDRIESSEN, R., VAN SCHELT, J. & VAN DER FELS-KLERX, H. J. I. 2018. Tolerance and Excretion of the Mycotoxins Aflatoxin B1, Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, and Ochratoxin A by Alphitobius diaperinus and Hermetia illucens from Contaminated Substrates. Toxins, 10, 91.
  • CAPARROS MEGIDO, R., DESMEDT, S., BLECKER, C., BÉRA, F., HAUBRUGE, É., ALABI, T. & FRANCIS, F. 2017. Microbiological Load of Edible Insects Found in Belgium. Insects, 8.
  • CAPARROS MEGIDO, R., POELAERT, C., ERNENS, M., LIOTTA, M., BLECKER, C., DANTHINE, S., TYTECA, E., HAUBRUGE, É., ALABI, T., BINDELLE, J. & FRANCIS, F. 2018. Effect of household cooking techniques on the microbiological load and the nutritional quality of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L. 1758). Food Research International, 106, 503-508.
  • CHOMCHAI, S. & CHOMCHAI, C. 2018. Histamine poisoning from insect consumption: an outbreak investigation from Thailand. Clinical Toxicology, 56, 126-131.
  • DREASSI, E., CITO, A., ZANFINI, A., MATEROZZI, L., BOTTA, M. & FRANCARDI, V. 2017. Dietary fatty acids influence the growth and fatty acid composition of the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Lipids, 52, 285-294.
  • EFSA 2015. Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed. 13(10):4257 ed.
  • EFSA 2016. Guidance on the preparation and presentation of an application for authorisation of a novel food in the context of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283.
  • EILENBERG, J., VLAK, J., NIELSEN-LEROUX, C., CAPPELLOZZA, S. & JENSEN, A. B. 2015. Diseases in insects produced for food and feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1, 1-16.
  • EWALD, N., VIDAKOVIC, A., LANGELAND, M., KIESSLING, A., SAMPELS, S. & LALANDER, C. 2020. Fatty acid composition of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) – Possibilities and limitations for modification through diet. Waste Management, 102, 40-47.
  • FENG, R., ZHU, Q., XU, Y., LI, W., DING, Y., HAN, L., RENSING, C. & WANG, R. 2019. Safe utilization of polluted soil by arsenic, cadmium and lead through an integrated sericultural measure. Science of The Total Environment, 659, 1234-1241.
  • FERRI, M., DI FEDERICO, F., DAMATO, S., PROSCIA, F. & GRABOWSKI, N. T. 2019. Insects as feed and human food and the public health risk - a review. BERLINER UND MUNCHENER TIERARZTLICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT, 132, 191-218.
  • FRANCIS, F., DOYEN, V., DEBAUGNIES, F., MAZZUCCHELLI, G., CAPARROS, R., ALABI, T., BLECKER, C., HAUBRUGE, E. & CORAZZA, F. 2019. Limited cross reactivity among arginine kinase allergens from mealworm and cricket edible insects. Food Chemistry, 276, 714-718.
  • FUKUDA, A., USUI, M., OKAMURA, M., DONG-LIANG, H. & TAMURA, Y. 2018. Role of Flies in the Maintenance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Farm Environments. Microbial Drug Resistance, 25, 127-132.
  • GAŁĘCKI, R. & SOKÓŁ, R. 2019. A parasitological evaluation of edible insects and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to humans and animals. PLOS ONE, 14, e0219303.
  • GAROFALO, C., MILANOVIĆ, V., CARDINALI, F., AQUILANTI, L., CLEMENTI, F. & OSIMANI, A. 2019. Current knowledge on the microbiota of edible insects intended for human consumption: A state-of-the-art review. Food Research International, 125, 108527.
  • GAROFALO, C., OSIMANI, A., MILANOVIĆ, V., TACCARI, M., CARDINALI, F., AQUILANTI, L., RIOLO, P., RUSCHIONI, S., ISIDORO, N. & CLEMENTI, F. 2017. The microbiota of marketed processed edible insects as revealed by high-throughput sequencing. Food Microbiology, 62, 15-22.
  • GAUTREAU, M., RESTUCCIA, M., SENSER, K. & WEISBERG, S. N. 2017. Familial Anaphylaxis after Silkworm Ingestion. Prehospital Emergency Care, 21, 83-85.
  • GRABOWSKI, N. & KLEIN, G. 2016. Microbiology of cooked and dried edible Mediterranean field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) and superworms (Zophobas atratus) submitted to four different heating treatments. Food Science and Technology International, 23, 17-23.
  • GRABOWSKI, N. & KLEIN, G. 2017a. Microbiological analysis of raw edible insects. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 3, 7-14.
  • GRABOWSKI, N. & KLEIN, G. 2017b. Microbiology of processed edible insect products – Results of a preliminary survey. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 243, 103-107.
  • HAN, S.-R., LEE, B.-S., JUNG, K.-J., YU, H.-J., YUN, E.-Y., HWANG, J. S. & MOON, K.-S. 2016. Safety assessment of freeze-dried powdered Tenebrio molitor larvae (yellow mealworm) as novel food source: Evaluation of 90-day toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 77, 206-212.
  • HOUBRAKEN, M., SPRANGHERS, T., DE CLERCQ, P., COOREMAN-ALGOED, M., COUCHEMENT, T., DE CLERCQ, G., VERBEKE, S. & SPANOGHE, P. 2016. Pesticide contamination of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) for human consumption. Food Chemistry, 201, 264-269.
  • HPA 2009. Guidelines for Assessing the Microbiological Safety of Ready-to-Eat Foods Placed on the Market. London: Health Protection Agency.
  • JEONG, K. Y., HAN, I. S., LEE, J. Y., PARK, K. H., LEE, J. H. & PARK, J. 2017. Role of tropomyosin in silkworm allergy. 2017/1/1, 15, 3264-3270.
  • JUCKER, C., ERBA, D., LEONARDI, M. G., LUPI, D. & SAVOLDELLI, S. 2017. Assessment of Vegetable and Fruit Substrates as Potential Rearing Media for Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae. Environmental Entomology, 46, 1415-1423.
  • KAZEK, M., KACZMAREK, A., WROŃSKA, A. K. & BOGUŚ, M. I. 2019. Diet influences the bacterial and free fatty acid profiles of the cuticle of Galleria mellonella larvae. PLOS ONE, 14, e0211697.
  • LENI, G., CALIGIANI, A. & SFORZA, S. 2019a. Killing method affects the browning and the quality of the protein fraction of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae: a metabolomics and proteomic insight. Food Research International, 115, 116-125.
  • LENI, G., CIRLINI, M., JACOBS, J., DEPRAETERE, S., GIANOTTEN, N., SFORZA, S. & DALL’ASTA, C. 2019b. Impact of Naturally Contaminated Substrates on Alphitobius diaperinus and Hermetia illucens: Uptake and Excretion of Mycotoxins. Toxins, 11.
  • LILAND, N. S., BIANCAROSA, I., ARAUJO, P., BIEMANS, D., BRUCKNER, C. G., WAAGBØ, R., TORSTENSEN, B. E. & LOCK, E.-J. 2017. Modulation of nutrient composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae by feeding seaweed-enriched media. PLOS ONE, 12, e0183188.
  • LIU, X., CHEN, X., WANG, H., YANG, Q., UR REHMAN, K., LI, W., CAI, M., LI, Q., MAZZA, L., ZHANG, J., YU, Z. & ZHENG, L. 2017. Dynamic changes of nutrient composition throughout the entire life cycle of black soldier fly. PLOS ONE, 12, e0182601.
  • MANCINI, S., FRATINI, F., TURCHI, B., MATTIOLI, S., DAL BOSCO, A., TUCCINARDI, T., NOZIC, S. & PACI, G. 2019a. Former Foodstuff Products in Tenebrio Molitor Rearing: Effects on Growth, Chemical Composition, Microbiological Load, and Antioxidant Status. Animals, 9.
  • MANCINI, S., PACI, G., CIARDELLI, V., TURCHI, B., PEDONESE, F. & FRATINI, F. 2019b. Listeria monocytogenes contamination of Tenebrio molitor larvae rearing substrate: Preliminary evaluations. Food Microbiology, 83, 104-108.
  • MENEGUZ, M., DAMA, A., LUSSIANA, C., RENNA, M., GASCO, L., SCHIAVONE, A. & GAI, F. 2018. Effect of rearing substrate on growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and chemical composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 98, 5776-5784.
  • MILANOVIĆ, V., OSIMANI, A., PASQUINI, M., AQUILANTI, L., GAROFALO, C., TACCARI, M., CARDINALI, F., RIOLO, P. & CLEMENTI, F. 2016. Getting insight into the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in specimens of marketed edible insects. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 227, 22-28.
  • MILANOVIĆ, V., OSIMANI, A., RONCOLINI, A., GAROFALO, C., AQUILANTI, L., PASQUINI, M., TAVOLETTI, S., VIGNAROLI, C., CANONICO, L., CIANI, M. & CLEMENTI, F. 2018. Investigation of the Dominant Microbiota in Ready-to-Eat Grasshoppers and Mealworms and Quantification of Carbapenem Resistance Genes by qPCR. Front Microbiol, 9, 3036.
  • MOONESINGHE, H., MACKENZIE, H., VENTER, C., KILBURN, S., TURNER, P., WEIR, K. & DEAN, T. 2016. Prevalence of fish and shellfish allergy: A systematic review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 117, 264-272.e4.
  • MÜLLER, A., WIEDMER, S. & KURTH, M. 2019. Risk Evaluation of Passive Transmission of Animal Parasites by Feeding of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Prepupae. Journal of Food Protection, 82, 948-954.
  • MUNGAOMKLANG, A., TEEYAPANT, P., SANGSAWANG, C., PAWUN, V., KITPHATI, R., WUTHIWAN, W., HONGCHUMPON, N., NIRAMITSANTIPONG, A., SONTHICHAI, C., SMITHSUWAN, P., THONGLEK, S., FUTRAKUL, S. & JIRAPHONGSA, C. 2011. Fried Pupa of Silkworms Food Poisoning Outbreak due to Histamine Toxicity in Seven Provinces-Thailand, Dec 2007 - Jan 2008. Journal of Health Science, 18, 504-514.
  • NGUYEN, T. T. X., TOMBERLIN, J. K. & VANLAERHOVEN, S. 2015. Ability of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae to Recycle Food Waste. Environmental Entomology, 44, 406-410.
  • NWARU, B. I., HICKSTEIN, L., PANESAR, S. S., ROBERTS, G., MURARO, A. & SHEIKH, A. 2014. Prevalence of common food allergies in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy, 69, 992-1007.
  • OSIMANI, A., CARDINALI, F., AQUILANTI, L., GAROFALO, C., RONCOLINI, A., MILANOVIĆ, V., PASQUINI, M., TAVOLETTI, S. & CLEMENTI, F. 2017a. Occurrence of transferable antibiotic resistances in commercialized ready-to-eat mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.). International Journal of Food Microbiology, 263, 38-46.
  • OSIMANI, A., GAROFALO, C., AQUILANTI, L., MILANOVIĆ, V., CARDINALI, F., TACCARI, M., PASQUINI, M., TAVOLETTI, S. & CLEMENTI, F. 2017b. Transferable Antibiotic Resistances in Marketed Edible Grasshoppers (Locusta migratoria migratorioides). Journal of Food Science, 82, 1184- 1192.
  • OSIMANI, A., GAROFALO, C., MILANOVIĆ, V., TACCARI, M., CARDINALI, F., AQUILANTI, L., PASQUINI, M., MOZZON, M., RAFFAELLI, N., RUSCHIONI, S., RIOLO, P., ISIDORO, N. & CLEMENTI, F. 2017c. Insight into the proximate composition and microbial diversity of edible insects marketed in the European Union. European Food Research & Technology, 243, 1157-1171.
  • OSIMANI, A., MILANOVIĆ, V., CARDINALI, F., GAROFALO, C., CLEMENTI, F., PASQUINI, M., RIOLO, P., RUSCHIONI, S., ISIDORO, N., LORETO, N., FRANCIOSI, E., TUOHY, K., PETRUZZELLI, A., FOGLINI, M., GABUCCI, C., TONUCCI, F. & AQUILANTI, L. 2018a. The bacterial biota of laboratory-reared edible mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.): From feed to frass. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 272, 49-60.
  • OSIMANI, A., MILANOVIĆ, V., CARDINALI, F., GAROFALO, C., CLEMENTI, F., RUSCHIONI, S., RIOLO, P., ISIDORO, N., LORETO, N., GALARINI, R., MORETTI, S., PETRUZZELLI, A., MICCI, E., TONUCCI, F. & AQUILANTI, L. 2018b. Distribution of Transferable Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Laboratory-Reared Edible Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.). Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 2702.
  • PALI-SCHÖLL, I., MEINLSCHMIDT, P., LARENAS-LINNEMANN, D., PURSCHKE, B., HOFSTETTER, G., RODRÍGUEZ-MONROY, F. A., EINHORN, L., MOTHES-LUKSCH, N., JENSEN-JAROLIM, E. & JÄGER, H. 2019. Edible insects: Cross-recognition of IgE from crustacean- and house dust mite allergic patients, and reduction of allergenicity by food processing. World Allergy Organization Journal, 12.
  • PAVA-RIPOLL, M., PEARSON, R. E. G., MILLER, A. K., TALL, B. D., KEYS, C. E. & ZIOBRO, G. C. 2015. Ingested Salmonella enterica, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes: transmission dynamics from adult house flies to their eggs and first filial (F1) generation adults. BMC Microbiology, 15, 150.
  • POMA, G., CUYKX, M., AMATO, E., CALAPRICE, C., FOCANT, J. F. & COVACI, A. 2017. Evaluation of hazardous chemicals in edible insects and insect-based food intended for human consumption. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 100, 70-79.
  • PURSCHKE, B., SCHEIBELBERGER, R., AXMANN, S., ADLER, A. & JÄGER, H. 2017. Impact of substrate contamination with mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides on the growth performance and composition of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for use in the feed and food value chain. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34, 1410-1420.
  • RIBEIRO, J. C., CUNHA, L. M., SOUSA-PINTO, B. & FONSECA, J. 2018. Allergic risks of consuming edible insects: A systematic review. Mol Nutr Food Res, 62.
  • RONCOLINI, A., CARDINALI, F., AQUILANTI, L., MILANOVIĆ, V., GAROFALO, C., SABBATINI, R., ABAKER, M. S. S., PANDOLFI, M., PASQUINI, M., TAVOLETTI, S., CLEMENTI, F. & OSIMANI, A. 2019. Investigating Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Marketed Ready-to-Eat Small Crickets (Acheta domesticus). Journal of Food Science, 0.
  • SCHLÜTER, O., RUMPOLD, B., HOLZHAUSER, T., ROTH, A., VOGEL, R. F., QUASIGROCH, W., VOGEL, S., HEINZ, V., JÄGER, H., BANDICK, N., KULLING, S., KNORR, D., STEINBERG, P. & ENGEL, K. H. 2017. Safety aspects of the production of foods and food ingredients from insects. Mol Nutr Food Res, 61.
  • SHIN, C.-S., KIM, D.-Y. & SHIN, W.-S. 2019. Characterization of chitosan extracted from Mealworm Beetle (Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas morio) and Rhinoceros Beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) and their antibacterial activities. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 125, 72- 77.
  • STOOPS, J., CRAUWELS, S., WAUD, M., CLAES, J., LIEVENS, B. & VAN CAMPENHOUT, L. 2016. Microbial community assessment of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) and grasshoppers (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) sold for human consumption. Food Microbiology, 53, 122-127.
  • VAN BROEKHOVEN, S., BASTIAAN-NET, S., DE JONG, N. W. & WICHERS, H. J. 2016. Influence of processing and in vitro digestion on the allergic cross-reactivity of three mealworm species. Food Chemistry, 196, 1075-1083.
  • VAN DER FELS-KLERX, H. J., CAMENZULI, L., VAN DER LEE, M. K. & OONINCX, D. G. A. B. 2016. Uptake of Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic by Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens from Contaminated Substrates. PLOS ONE, 11, e0166186.
  • VAN DER FELS‐KLERX, H. J., CAMENZULI, L., BELLUCO, S., MEIJER, N. & RICCI, A. 2018. Food Safety Issues Related to Uses of Insects for Feeds and Foods. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science & Food Safety, 17, 1172-1183.
  • VANDEWEYER, D., CRAUWELS, S., LIEVENS, B. & VAN CAMPENHOUT, L. 2017a. Microbial counts of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) and crickets (Acheta domesticus and Gryllodes sigillatus) from different rearing companies and different production batches. Int J Food Microbiol, 242, 13-18.
  • VANDEWEYER, D., LENAERTS, S., CALLENS, A. & VAN CAMPENHOUT, L. 2017b. Effect of blanching followed by refrigerated storage or industrial microwave drying on the microbial load of yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor). Food Control, 71, 311-314.
  • VANDEWEYER, D., MILANOVIĆ, V., GAROFALO, C., OSIMANI, A., CLEMENTI, F., VAN CAMPENHOUT, L. & AQUILANTI, L. 2019. Real-time PCR detection and quantification of selected transferable antibiotic resistance genes in fresh edible insects from Belgium and the Netherlands. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 290, 288-295.
  • VANDEWEYER, D., WYNANTS, E., CRAUWELS, S., VERRETH, C., VIAENE, N., CLAES, J., LIEVENS, B. & VAN CAMPENHOUT, L. 2018. Microbial Dynamics during Industrial Rearing, Processing, and Storage of Tropical House Crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) for Human Consumption. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 84, e00255-18.
  • WALIA, K., KAPOOR, A., FARBER, J.M. 2018. Qualitative risk assessment of cricket powder to be used to treat undernutrition in infants and children in Cambodia. Food Control, 92, 169-182.
  • WHO. 2020. Antimicrobial resistance [Online]. [Accessed June 2020].
  • WYNANTS, E., CRAUWELS, S., LIEVENS, B., LUCA, S., CLAES, J., BORREMANS, A., BRUYNINCKX, L. & VAN CAMPENHOUT, L. 2017. Effect of post-harvest starvation and rinsing on the microbial numbers and the bacterial community composition of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor). Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 42, 8-15.
  • WYNANTS, E., FROONINCKX, L., CRAUWELS, S., VERRETH, C., DE SMET, J., SANDROCK, C., WOHLFAHRT, J., VAN SCHELT, J., DEPRAETERE, S., LIEVENS, B., VAN MIERT, S., CLAES, J. & VAN CAMPENHOUT, L. 2019. Assessing the Microbiota of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Reared on Organic Waste Streams on Four Different Locations at Laboratory and Large Scale. Microbial Ecology, 77, 913-930.
  • YIN, J., GAO, Y., ZHU, F., HAO, W., XU, Q., WANG, H. & GUO, B. 2017. Enantiomerization and stereoselectivity in bioaccumulation of furalaxyl in Tenebrio molitor larvae. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 145, 244-249.
  • ZHANG, J., WANG, J., CHEN, L., YASSIN, A. K., KELLY, P., BUTAYE, P., LI, J., GONG, J., CATTLEY, R., QI, K. & WANG, C. 2017. Housefly (Musca domestica) and Blow Fly (Protophormia terraenovae) as Vectors of Bacteria Carrying Colistin Resistance Genes. Applied and environmental microbiology, 84, e01736-17.
  • ZHAO, X., LI, L., KUANG, Z., LUO, G. & LI, B. 2015. Proteomic and immunological identification of two new allergens from silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) pupae. Central-European journal of immunology, 40, 30-34.
  • ZUO, J., LEI, M., YANG, R. & LIU, Z. 2015. Bom m 9 from Bombyx mori is a novel protein related to asthma. Microbiology and Immunology, 59, 410-418.
Back to top
View entire guide
Print guide