Annex of Tables
Annexes A, B and C to show the number of adults, parents of children and children aged 8 to 17 years with food hypersensitivities.
Annex A: Adults with food hypersensitivities
For the following tables, percentages may add up to more than 100, due to rounding. Additionally, ‘*’ indicates below ‘0.5%’.
Table 4: Ethnicity by food hypersensitivity
Ethnicity | All adults N (%) | Food Allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
White British/Irish | 984 (93) | 281 (88) | 311 (94) | 216 (99) | 120 (92) |
Mixed/multiple ethnicity | 20 (2) | 9 (3) | 5 (2) | - | 4 (3) |
Asian (Indian, Chinese, Bangladeshi, Pakistani) background | 30 (3) | 19 (6) | 7 (2) | - | 1 (1) |
Black British/African/Carribean | 18 (2) | 6 (2) | 6 (2) | - | 4 (3) |
Arab | 2 (*) | 2 (1) | - | - | - |
Other ethnic group | 5 (*) | 2 (1) | 1 (*) | 1 (*) | 1 (1) |
Total (N) | 1059 | 319 | 330 | 217 | 130 |
Table 5: Region by food hypersensitivity
Region | All adults N (%) | Food Allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scotland | 85 (8) | 28 (8) | 26 (8) | 17 (8) | 7 (5) |
Northern Ireland | 14 (1) | 4 (1) | 5 (2) | 1 (*) | 2 (2) |
Wales | 57 (5) | 18 (6) | 20 (6) | 12 (6) | 4 (3) |
North East of England | 42 (4) | 12 (4) | 13 (4) | 8 (4) | 4 (3) |
North West of England | 91 (9) | 24 (7) | 22 (7) | 27 (12) | 12 (9) |
Yorkshire and the Humber | 76 (7) | 24 (7) | 24 (7) | 10 (5) | 12 (9) |
East of England | 115 (11) | 28 (9) | 46 (14) | 27 (12) | 11 (8) |
East Midlands | 73 (7) | 23 (7) | 28 (8) | 27 (12) | 11 (8) |
West Midlands | 103 (10) | 28 (9) | 33 (10) | 24 (11) | 13 (10) |
London | 106 (10) | 50 (16) | 21 (6) | 13 (6) | 13 (10) |
South West of England | 101 (9) | 24 (7) | 36 (11) | 21 (10) | 13 (10) |
South East of England | 202 (19) | 60 (19) | 56 (17) | 44 (20) | 31 (24) |
Total (N) | 1065 | 323 | 330 | 217 | 131 |
Table 6: Employment status by food hypersensitivity
Employment | All adults N (%) | Food Allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full time | 347 (33) | 118 (38) | 104 (32) | 60 (28) | 44 (34) |
Part time | 192 (18) | 61 (19) | 63 (20) | 35 (16) | 22 (17) |
Unemployed | 36 (3) | 15 (5) | 16 (5) | 3 (1) | 1 (1) |
Not working | 153 (15) | 45 (14) | 54 (17) | 17 (8) | 22 (17) |
Not working (retired) | 267 (26) | 55 (18) | 78 (24) | 91 (42) | 33 (25) |
Student | 28 (3) | 14 (4) | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 5 (4) |
Other | 23 (2) | 6 (2) | 4 (1) | 7 (3) | 3 (2) |
Total (N) | 1046 | 314 | 322 | 216 | 130 |
Table 7: All foods reacted to (no limit on number of foods reported) by hypersensitivity
Food | All adults N (%) | Food Allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celery | 71 (2) | 36 (2) | 15 (2) | 3 (1) | 13 (2) |
Cereals containing gluten (wheat, rye barley or oats) | 481 (14) | 55 (4) | 110 (12) | 212 (66) | 82 (15) |
Crustaceans (such as prawns, crabs, scampi or lobsters) | 137 (4) | 59 (4) | 38 (4) | 6 (2) | 26 (5) |
Eggs | 153 (4) | 53 (4) | 50 (5) | 4 (1) | 27 (5) |
Fish | 100 (3) | 43 (3) | 21 (2) | 3 (1) | 27 (5) |
Lupin | 37 (1) | 18 (1) | 6 (1) | - | 10 (2) |
Milk | 297 (8) | 68 (5) | 119 (13) | 21 (7) | 59 (11) |
Molluscs (such as mussels, snails, squid, whelks, clams or oysters) | 107 (3) | 47 (3) | 28 (3) | 4 (1) | 21 (4) |
Mustard | 58 (2) | 17 (1) | 19 (2) | 4 (1) | 10 (2) |
Peanuts | 167 (5) | 101 (7) | 27 (3) | 3 (1) | 24 (4) |
Tree nuts: Almonds | 134 (4) | 87 (6) | 24 (3) | 1 (*) | 15 (3) |
Tree nuts: Hazelnuts | 136 (4) | 91 (6) | 23 (3) | 3 (1) | 17 (3) |
Tree nuts: Brazil nuts | 121 (3) | 79 (5) | 24 (3) | 3 (1) | 13 (2) |
Tree nuts: Walnuts | 133 (4) | 89 (6) | 22 (2) | 2 (1) | 15 (3) |
Tree nuts: Cashew | 109 (3) | 73 (5) | 17 (2) | 1 (*) | 14 (2) |
Tree nuts: Pecans | 110 (3) | 78 (5) | 14 (2) | 1 (*) | 14 (2) |
Tree nuts: Macadamia nuts | 100 (3) | 72 (5) | 16 (2) | 1 (*) | 9 (2) |
Tree nuts: Pistachios | 109 (3) | 66 (4) | 23 (3) | 1 (*) | 15 (3) |
Sesame seeds | 53 (2) | 31 (2) | 10 (1) | 2 (1) | 9 (2) |
Soybeans | 105 (3) | 31 (2) | 45 (5) | 5 (2) | 16 (3) |
Sulphur dioxide | 103 (3) | 39 (3) | 31 (3) | 4 (1) | 15 (3) |
Fruit | 254 (7) | 104 (7) | 68 (7) | 12 (4) | 42 (7) |
Vegetables | 204 (6) | 56 (4) | 78 (8) | 13 (4) | 33 (6) |
Other | 247 (7) | 77 (5) | 91 (10) | 12 (4) | 35 (6) |
Total (N) | 3526 | 1470 | 919 | 319 | 561 |
Table 8: All foods resulting in adverse reactions by hypersensitivity
Food | All adults N (%) | Food Allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celery | 16 (1) | 11 (2) | 1 (*) | - | 3 (1) |
Cereals containing gluten (wheat, rye barley or oats) | 403 (26) | 26 (6) | 81 (19) | 213 (92) | 66 (21) |
Crustaceans (such as prawns, crabs, scampi or lobsters) | 58 (4) | 28 (6) | 13 (3) | 1 (*) | 14 (4) |
Eggs | 94 (6) | 30 (6) | 28 (7) | - | 25 (8) |
Fish | 44 (3) | 18 (4) | 9 (2) | - | 15 (5) |
Lupin | 12 (1) | 6 (1) | 1 (*) | - | 5 (2) |
Milk | 178 (11) | 32 (7) | 83 (19) | 5 (2) | 48 (15) |
Molluscs (such as mussels, snails, squid, whelks, clams or oysters) | 29 (2) | 12 (3) | 9 (2) | - | 6 (2) |
Mustard | 17 (1) | 5 (1) | 3 (1) | - | 8 (3) |
Peanuts | 94 (6) | 69 (15) | 9 (2) | - | 12 (4) |
Tree nuts | 102 (7) | 58 (13) | 15 (3) | - | 19 (6) |
Sesame seeds | 13 (1) | 9 (2) | 2 (*) | - | 1 (*) |
Soybeans | 38 (2) | 10 (2) | 14 (3) | 3 (1) | 7 (2) |
Sulphur dioxide and sulphites | 28 (2) | 10 (2) | 14 (3) | - | 4 (1) |
Fruit | 117 (8) | 59 (13) | 22 (5) | 1 (*) | 25 (8) |
Vegetables | 84 (5) | 12 (3) | 43 (10) | 4 (2) | 15 (5) |
Other | 222 (14) | 71 (15) | 82 (19) | 5 (2) | 44 (14) |
Total (N) | 1549 | 466 | 429 | 232 | 317 |
Table 9: All symptoms usually experienced for all foods reported, according to hypersensitivity group
Symptoms reported | All adults N (%) | Food Allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breathing | 1821 (19) | 1053 (28) | 311 (94) | 216 (99) | 120 (92) |
Skin | 20 (2) | 9 (3) | 5 (2) | - | 4 (3) |
Gastrointestinal | 30 (3) | 19 (6) | 7 (2) | - | 1 (1) |
Mouth/throat/ear | 18 (2) | 6 (2) | 6 (2) | - | 4 (3) |
Other | 2 (*) | 2 (1) | - | - | - |
Total (N) | 1059 | 319 | 330 | 217 | 130 |
Table 10: Gastrointestinal symptoms for all foods reported, by hypersensitivity group
Gastrointestinal symptoms reported | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bloated stomach | 668 (16) | 95 (13) | 215 (18) | 164 (16) | 152 (16) |
Abdominal pain/stomach cramps | 783 (19) | 145 (19) | 241 (20) | 172 (17) | 168 (18) |
Heart burn | 223 (5) | 49 (7) | 63 (5) | 36 (4) | 44 (5) |
Sickness/vomiting | 783 (19) | 240 (32) | 166 (14) | 166 (16) | 165 (18) |
Diarrhoea | 637 (15) | 104 (14) | 180 (15) | 168 (17) | 145 (15) |
Blood in stool | 53 (1) | 12 (2) | 13 (1) | 13 (1) | 14 (1) |
Dehydration | 97 (2) | 16 (2) | 13 (1) | 31 (3) | 29 (3) |
Loss of weight/malnutrition | 106 (3) | 10 (1) | 13 (1) | 52 (5) | 30 (3) |
Excessive wind | 400 (10) | 32 (4) | 133 (11) | 107 (11) | 94 (10) |
Irritable bowel symptoms | 433 (10) | 50 (7) | 143 (12) | 106 (10) | 95 (10) |
Total (N) | 4183 | 753 | 1180 | 1015 | 936 |
Table 11: Breathing symptoms and anaphylaxis experienced for all foods reported, by hypersensitivity group
Breathing symptoms reported | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cough/sneezing | 219 (11) | 128 (11) | 41 (15) | 2 (7) | 41 (10) |
Runny nose | 205 (10) | 101 (8) | 38 (14) | 5 (18) | 45 (11) |
Irritable/ itchy nose | 240 (12) | 127 (11) | 47 (17) | 2 (7) | 44 (11) |
Congested nose | 176 (9) | 74 (6) | 42 (15) | 3 (11) | 36 (9) |
Wheezing | 283 (14) | 175 (15) | 31 (11) | 3 (11) | 64 (16) |
Tight chest | 298 (15) | 185 (15) | 33 (12) | 6 (21) | 61 (15) |
Breathless | 263 (13) | 173 (14) | 20 (7) | 5 (18) | 50 (13) |
Asthma | 137 (7) | 90 (8) | 14 (5) | 2 (7) | 24 (6) |
Anaphylaxis | 190 (9) | 141 (12) | 8 (3) | - | 32 (8) |
Total (N) | 2011 | 1194 | 274 | 28 | 397 |
Table 12: Most severe symptoms ever experienced for all foods reported, by hypersensitivity group
Most severe symptoms reported | All adults N (%) | Food Allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breathing | 1069 (18) | 611 (25) | 163 (13) | 16 (2) | 220 (17) |
Skin | 1097 (18) | 589 (24) | 159 (13) | 59 (8) | 215 (16) |
Gastrointestinal | 2604 (43) | 494 (20) | 762 (62) | 585 (80) | 612 (46) |
Mouth/throat/ear | 811 (13) | 507 (21) | 79 (7) | 15 (2) | 158 (12) |
Other | 491 (8) | 222 (9) | 62 (5) | 58 (8) | 126 (9) |
Total (N) | 6072 | 2423 | 1225 | 733 | 1331 |
Table 13: Time period in which symptoms usually start, by hypersensitivity
Time symptoms usually start after eating the reported food | All adults N (%) | Food allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less than 5 minutes | 378 (25) | 216 (47) | 51 (13) | 5 (2) | 76 (24) |
5 to 30 minutes | 451 (30) | 138 (30) | 141 (34) | 38 (17) | 100 (32) |
30 minutes to 1 hour | 257 (17) | 56 (12) | 80 (19) | 50 (22) | 58 (18) |
1 to 2 hours | 185 (12) | 19 (4) | 65 (16) | 52 (23) | 41 (13) |
More than 2 hours | 184 (12) | 24 (5) | 66 (16) | 55 (24) | 32 (10) |
Don't know | 63 (4) | 6 (1) | 12 (3) | 26 (12) | 9 (3) |
Total (N) | 1518 | 459 | 415 | 226 | 316 |
Table 14: Diagnosis method by hypersensitivity
Diagnosis method | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthcare professional’s diagnosis | 312 (17) | 122 (22) | 76 (17) | 17 (6) | 77 (21) |
Skin prick test | 177 (10) | 112 (20) | 25 (6) | - | 32 (8) |
Blood test (antibodies for allergen) | 315 (17) | 93 (17) | 26 (6) | 123 (43) | 67 (18) |
Food challenge | 81 (4) | 32 (6) | 20 (4) | 6 (2) | 17 (5) |
Not formally diagnosed but noticed symptoms themselves (self) | 507 (28) | 120 (21) | 230 (51) | 8 (3) | 101 (28) |
Complementary/alternative Therapist | 56 (3) | 9 (2) | 24 (5) | 3 (1) | 18 (5) |
Don’t know/can’t remember | 81 (4) | 21 (4) | 14 (3) | 2 (1) | 11 (3) |
Other | 276 (15) | 51 (9) | 39 (9) | 127 (44) | 43 (12) |
Total (N) | 1805 | 560 | 454 | 286 | 366 |
Table 15: Frequency of reactions to all foods in the previous 12 months
Frequency of reactions | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Once | 193 (13) | 74 (16) | 30 (7) | 35 (15) | 46 (15) |
Twice | 187 (12) | 53 (12) | 57 (14) | 33 (14) | 33 (10) |
Between 3 and 6 times | 257 (17) | 69 (15) | 89 (22) | 44 (19) | 40 (13) |
Between 7 and 10 times | 68 (4) | 12 (3) | 28 (7) | 8 (4) | 19 (6) |
More than 10 times | 177 (12) | 39 (8) | 72 (17) | 13 (6) | 33 (10) |
I haven’t reacted to this food in the last year | 542 (36) | 191 (42) | 114 (28) | 81 (36) | 122 (39) |
Don't know | 87 (6) | 18 (4) | 21 (5) | 14 (6) | 22 (7) |
Total (N) | 1511 | 456 | 411 | 228 | 315 |
Table 16: Where adults experienced their most recent adverse reaction, by hypersensitivity
Where reaction occurred | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home | 901 (62) | 249 (56) | 288 (72) | 134 (63) | 163 (53) |
Work | 106 (7) | 30 (7) | 19 (5) | 13 (6) | 37 (12) |
Family and friends house | 100 (7) | 35 (8) | 20 (5) | 4 (2) | 34 (11) |
Public transport | 21 (1) | 10 (2) | 5 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) |
Eating out | 204 (14) | 72 (16) | 46 (12) | 33 (15) | 42 (14) |
Other | 80 (5) | 36 (8) | 18 (3) | 11 (5) | 16 (5) |
Can't remember | 49 (3) | 13 (3) | 8 (2) | 16 (8) | 12 (4) |
Total (N) | 1461 | 445 | 399 | 213 | 307 |
Table 17: Who treated adult respondents' most recent reactions across hypersensitivities
Who treated reaction | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I treated the reaction myself | 1114 (74) | 300 (64) | 333 (81) | 182 (85) | 222 (70) |
I had medical help for my reaction | 223 (15) | 114 (24) | 39 (9) | 9 (4) | 47 (15) |
Someone else helped me to treat the reaction | 71 (5) | 27 (6) | 12 (3) | 4 (2) | 22 (7) |
I have not reacted to this food before | 17 (1) | 4 (1) | 5 (1) | 3 (1) | 3 (1) |
Can’t remember | 87 (6) | 25 (5) | 21 (5) | 15 (7) | 22 (7) |
Total | 1512 | 470 | 410 | 213 | 216 |
Table 18: Experience of anaphylaxis across all foods reported
Experience of anaphylaxis | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 351 (24) | 201 (44) | 42 (10) | 4 (2) | 91 (29) |
No | 1007 (68) | 194 (43) | 335 (83) | 209 (93) | 200 (65) |
Not sure | 126 (8) | 57 (13) | 25 (6) | 11 (5) | 19 (6) |
Total (N) | 1484 | 452 | 402 | 224 | 310 |
Table 19: Experience of anaphylaxis in the last 12 months across all foods reported
Experience of anaphylaxis in last 12 months | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 213 (14) | 96 (21) | 33 (8) | 4 (2) | 64 (21) |
No | 1198 (81) | 322 (72) | 357 (89) | 216 (96) | 234 (75) |
Not sure | 70 (5) | 31 (7) | 12 (3) | 4 (2) | 12 (4) |
Total (N) | 1481 | 449 | 402 | 224 | 310 |
Table 20: Frequency of hospital admissions in the last 12 months, for all foods reported
Frequency of admission for those admitted to hospital | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haven’t been admitted in the last 12 months | 161 (53) | 84 (54) | 23 (58) | 16 (80) | 28 (38) |
Once | 75 (25) | 42 (27) | 8 (20) | 3 (15) | 19 (26) |
Twice | 23 (8) | 8 (5) | 5 (13) | - | 9 (12) |
Between 3 and 6 times | 25 (8) | 13 (8) | 2 (5) | - | 9 (12) |
Between 7 and 10 times | 8 (3) | 2 (1) | 2 (5) | - | 4 (5) |
More than 10 times | 7 (2) | 4 (3) | - | - | 3 (4) |
Don't know | 6 (2) | 3 (2) | - | 1 (5) | 1 (1) |
Total (N) | 305 | 156 | 40 | 20 | 73 |
Table 21: Admission to hospital in an emergency the first time participants reacted to their stated food
Admission to hospital for first reaction to food | All adults N (%) | Food allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 221 (75) | 114 (77) | 26 (67) | 5 (26) | 64 (86) |
No | 75 (25) | 34 (23) | 13 (33) | 14 (74) | 10 (14) |
Total (N) | 296 | 148 | 39 | 19 | 74 |
Table 22: Frequency of eating out or getting food to take away from a restaurant or other food outlet, by hypersensitivity
Frequency | All adults N (%) | Food allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
At least once a day | 13 (1) | 6 (2) | 1 (*) | 1 (*) | 5 (4) |
5 to 6 times a week | 18 (2) | 6 (2) | 4 (1) | 1 (*) | 6 (5) |
3 to 4 times a week | 44 (4) | 15 (5) | 13 (4) | 6 (3) | 7 (6) |
Once or twice a week | 168 (17) | 63 (21) | 45 (15) | 33 (16) | 17 (13) |
Once a fortnight | 174 (117) | 59 (20) | 56 (18) | 31 (15) | 22 (17) |
Once a month | 184 (18) | 57 (19) | 56 (18) | 31 (15) | 22 (17) |
Less than once a month | 313 (31) | 69 (23) | 99 (32) | 85 (40) | 42 (33) |
Never | 82 (8) | 25 (8) | 30 (10) | 7 (3) | 13 (10) |
Total (N) | 996 | 300 | 306 | 211 | 126 |
Table 23: How comfortable adult respondents feel asking a member of staff for information about the food they are selling when eating out, by food hypersensitivity
Level of confidence in information provided | All adults N (%) | Food allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very or fairly confident | 576 (63) | 177 (64) | 161 (59) | 137 (67) | 73 (64) |
Not very or not at all confident | 238 (26) | 75 (27) | 72 (26) | 50 (24) | 31 (27) |
Varies from place to place | 79 (9) | 21 (8) | 27 (10) | 18 (9) | 8 (7) |
Don't know | 24 (3) | 5 (2) | 13 (5) | - | 2 (2) |
Total (N) | 917 | 278 | 273 | 205 | 114 |
Table 24: Confidence that written information provided when eating out allows identification of foods that cause a bad or unpleasant physical reaction, by food hypersensitivity
Level of confidence in information provided | All adults N (%) | Food allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very or fairly confident | 549 (60) | 159 (57) | 173 (63) | 138 (67) | 57 (50) |
Not very or not at all confident | 262 (29) | 87 (31) | 64 (25) | 49 (24) | 43 (38) |
Varies from place to place | 84 (9) | 23 (8) | 24 (9) | 18 (9) | 13 (12) |
Don't know | 22 (2) | 10 (4) | 9 (3) | - | - |
Total (N) | 917 | 279 | 273 | 205 | 113 |
Table 25: Confidence that verbal information provided when eating out allows identification of foods that cause a bad or unpleasant physical reaction, by food hypersensitivity
Level of confidence in information provided | All adults N (%) | Food allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very or fairly confident | 475 (52) | 143 (51) | 151 (55) | 107 (52) | 53 (46) |
Not very or not at all confident | 312 (34) | 100 (36) | 85 (31) | 66 (32) | 41 (36) |
Varies from place to place | 106 (12) | 28 (10) | 26 (10) | 31 (15) | 19 (17) |
Don't know | 24 (3) | 8 (3) | 11 (4) | - | 1 (1) |
Total (N) | 917 | 279 | 273 | 204 | 114 |
Table 26: Frequency of adults being offered allergens in the last 12 months, despite checking available information
Frequency of being offered food | All adults N (%) | Food allergy N (%) | Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Once | 158 (18) | 49 (18) | 36 (14) | 33 (17) | 34 (31) |
Twice | 102 (12) | 20 (7) | 33 (13) | 32 (16) | 14 (13) |
Between 3 to 6 times | 64 (7) | 20 (7) | 13 (5) | 13 (7) | 15 (14) |
Between 7 to 10 times | 12 (1) | 2 (1) | 6 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
More than 10 times | 9 (1) | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) |
This hasn't happened in the last 12 months | 515 (60) | 172 (64) | 159 (64) | 113 (58) | 46 (41) |
Total | 860 | 267 | 249 | 194 | 111 |
Table 27: Comparisons for adult participants taking part in Wave 1 and Wave 2 surveys
Wave | All adults N (%) | Food allergy N (%) | Food intolerances N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) | Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wave 1 | 1019 (100) | 170 (16.7) | 216 (21.2) | 409 (40.1) | 135 (13.2) |
Wave 2 | 1065 (100) | 323 (30.3) | 330 (31.0) | 217 (20.4) | 131 (12) |
Both Waves | 313 (100) | 44 | 38 | 162 (52) | 56 |
Annex B – Parents of children with food hypersensitivities
Table 28: Ethnicity of parent respondents by child’s food hypersensitivity
Ethnicity | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
White British/Irish | 657 | 353 (88) | 159 (90) | 18 (86) | 109 (82) |
Mixed/multiple ethnicity | 27 | 13 (3) | 2 (1) | - | 11 (8) |
Asian (Indian, Chinese, Bangladeshi, Pakistani) background | 42 | 19 (5) | 10 (6) | 2 (10) | 10 (8) |
Black British/African/Caribbean | 19 | 11 (3) | 5 (3) | 1 (5) | 2 (2) |
Arab | - | - | - | - | - |
Other ethnic group | - | - | - | - | - |
Total (N) | 745 | 399 | 176 | 21 | 132 |
Table 29: Region of parent respondents, by child’s food hypersensitivity
Region | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scotland | 64 (9) | 31 (8) | 19 (11) | - | 13 (10) |
Northern Ireland | 20 (3) | 9 (2) | 9 (5) | - | 2 (1) |
Wales | 32 (4) | 15 (4) | 8 (5) | 1 (5) | 8 (6) |
North East of England | 30 (4) | 13 (3) | 5 (3) | 1 (5) | 9 (7) |
North West of England | 75 (10) | 42 (11) | 12 (7) | 3 (14) | 15 (11) |
Yorkshire and the Humber | 59 (8) | 33 (8) | 15 (9) | 1 (5) | 9 (7) |
East of England | 64 (9) | 36 (9) | 16 (9) | 2 (10) | (75) |
East Midlands | 43 (6) | 23 (6) | 12 (7) | - | 8 (6) |
West Midlands | 79 (11) | 46 (12) | 15 (9) | 2 (10) | 14 (10) |
London | 126 (17) | 66 (17) | 20 (11) | 6 (29) | 31 (23) |
South West of England | 55 (7) | 32 (8) | 14 (8) | - | 6 (4) |
South East of England | 104 (14) | 53 (13) | 31 (18) | 5 (24) | 12 (9) |
Total (N) | 750 | 399 | 176 | 21 | 134 |
Table 30: Parent respondent employment status, by child’s hypersensitivity
Employment status | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) | Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full-time | 388 (52) | 194 (49) | 88 (51) | 8 (38) | 86 (64) |
Part-time | 198 (27) | 116 (29) | 39 (23) | 8 (38) | 33 (25) |
Unemployed | 10 (1) | 3 (1) | 3 (2) | - | 4 (3) |
Not working | 124 (17) | 68 (17) | 37 (22) | 5 (24) | 10 (7) |
Not working (retired) | 1 (*) | 1 (*) | - | - | - |
Student | 11 (2) | 5 (1) | 4 (2) | - | 1 (1) |
Other | 10 (1) | 8 (2) | 1 (1) | - | - |
Total (N) | 742 | 395 | 172 | 21 | 134 |
Table 31: Ethnicity of children reported by parents, by child’s hypersensitivity
Ethnicity | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
White British/Irish | 778 (84) | 358 (84) | 164 (90) | 21 (88) | 213 (80) |
Mixed/multiple ethnicity | 73 (8) | 40 (9) | 7 (4) | 2 (8) | 21 (8) |
Asian (Indian, Chinese, Bangladeshi, Pakistani) background | 48 (5) | 17 (4) | 10 (5) | - | 21 (8) |
Black British/African/Caribbean | 23 (2) | 11 (3) | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 10 (4) |
Arab | - | - | - | - | - |
Other ethnic group | - | - | - | - | - |
Total (N) | 922 | 426 | 182 | 24 | 265 |
Table 32: All foods (no limit on numbers reported) children of participants react to, by child’s hypersensitivity
Food | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celery | 113 (4) | 21 (1) | 10 (3) | 2 (4) | 78 (10) |
Cereals containing gluten (wheat, rye, barley or oats) | 193 (6) | 42 (2) | 37 (10) | 19 (42) | 88 (11) |
Crustaceans (such as prawns, crabs, scampi or lobsters) | 99 (3) | 33 (2) | 14 (4) | 3 (7) | 48 (6) |
Eggs | 317 (10) | 166 (9) | 53 (15) | 1 (2) | 87 (11) |
Fish | 130 (4) | 50 (3) | 23 (6) | 2 (4) | 50 (6) |
Lupin | 45 (1) | 10 (1) | 4 (1) | 3 (7) | 24 (3) |
Milk | 352 (12) | 161 (9) | 106 (29) | 3 (7) | 71 (9) |
Molluscs (such as mussels, snails, squid, whelks, clams or oysters) | 33 (1) | 19 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (2) | 8 (1) |
Mustard | 47 (2) | 19 (1) | 5 (1) | 1 (2) | 22 (3) |
Peanuts | 236 (8) | 173 (10) | 15 (4) | 2 (4) | 41 (5) |
Tree nuts: Almonds | 130 (4) | 98 (6) | 2 (1) | - | 26 (3) |
Tree nuts: Hazelnuts | 151 (5) | 109 (6) | 8 (2) | 1 (2) | 30 (4) |
Tree nuts: Brazil nuts | 120 (4) | 89 (5) | 4 (1) | 1 (2) | 24 (3) |
Tree nuts: Walnuts | 131 (4) | 104 (6) | 3 (1) | 1 (2) | 21 (3) |
Tree nuts: Cashew nuts | 151 (5) | 111 (6) | 8 (2) | 1 (2) | 27 (3) |
Tree nuts: Pecans | 118 (4) | 87 (5) | 3 (1) | - | 26 (3) |
Tree nuts: Macadamia nuts | 101 (3) | 82 (5) | 2 (1) | 1 (2) | 14 (2) |
Tree nuts: Pistachios | 134 (4) | 101 (6) | 2 (1) | - | 29 (4) |
Sesame seed | 100 (3) | 69 (4) | 7 (2) | - | 22 (3) |
Soybeans | 90 (3) | 49 (3) | 15 (4) | - | 23 (3) |
Sulphur dioxide | 19 (1) | 6 (*) | 4 (1) | - | 6 (1) |
Fruit | 100 (3) | 71 (4) | 13 (4) | 1 (2) | 13 (2) |
Vegetables | 59 (2) | 34 (2) | 9 (3) | 1 (2) | 12 (2) |
Other | 83 (3) | 58 (3) | 10 (3) | 1 (2) | 10 (1) |
Total (N) | 3052 | 1762 | 360 | 45 | 800 |
Table 33: All foods resulting in an adverse reaction, by child’s hypersensitivity
All foods | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance (N%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celery | 69 (5) | 14 (2) | 3 (1) | 2 (7) | 51 (8) |
Cereals containing gluten (wheat, rye, barley or oats) | 118 (8) | 19 (3) | 21 (10) | 15 (52) | 59 (9) |
Crustaceans (such as prawns, crabs, scampi or lobsters) | 41 (3) | 5 (1) | 6 (3) | - | 28 (4) |
Eggs | 215 (14) | 107 (18) | 30 (15) | 3 (10) | 70 (11) |
Fish | 87 (6) | 23 (4) | 12 (6) | - | 47 (7) |
Lupin | 25 (2) | 2 (*) | - | - | 23 (4) |
Milk | 296 (19) | 133 (22) | 90 (44) | 3 (10) | 63 (10) |
Molluscs (such as mussels, snails, squid, whelks, clams or oysters) | 14 (1) | 2 (*) | - | - | 12 (2) |
Mustard | 14 (1) | 3 (*) | 1 (*) | - | 10 (2) |
Peanuts | 142 (9) | 111 (18) | 3 (1) | - | 26 (4) |
Tree nuts | 198 (13) | 91 (15) | 10 (5) | 4 (14) | 190 (30) |
Sesame seed | 40 (3) | 27 (4) | - | - | 12 (2) |
Soybeans | 46 (3) | 15 (2) | 4 (2) | - | 23 (4) |
Sulphur dioxide and sulphites | 14 (1) | - | 2 (1) | - | 10 (2) |
Fruit | 49 (3) | 32 (5) | 8 (4) | 1 (3) | 7 (1) |
Vegetables | 17 (1) | 9 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (3) | 2 (*) |
Other | 38 (2) | 18 (3) | 12 (6) | - | 5 |
Total (N) | 1523 | 611 | 205 | 29 | 638 |
Table 34: All symptoms usually experienced by all children reported by parent respondents, according to child’s hypersensitivity
Symptoms reported | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breathing | 2745 (27) | 1401 (30) | 236 (22) | 16 (14) | 1022 (26) |
Skin | 2444 (24) | 1340 (28) | 209 (20) | 16 (14) | 826 (21) |
Gastrointestinal | 2795 (28) | 1067 (23) | 506 (48) | 67 (58) | 1076 (27) |
Mouth/throat/ear | 1250 (12) | 643 (14) | 52 (5) | 6 (5) | 521 (13) |
Other | 894 (9) | 278 (6) | 45 (4) | 10 (9) | 534 (13) |
Total (N) | 10,128 | 4729 | 1048 | 115 | 3979 |
Table 35: Gastrointestinal symptoms for all foods reported, by child’s hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal symptoms reported | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bloated stomach | 350 (13) | 125 (12) | 98 (19) | 12 (18) | 107 (10) |
Abdominal pain/stomach cramps | 501 (18) | 221 (21) | 108 (21) | 15 (22) | 146 (14) |
Heart burn | 208 (7) | 37 (3) | 17 (3) | 6 (9) | 141 (13) |
Sickness/vomiting | 764 (27) | 356 (33) | 89 (18) | 16 (24) | 283 (26) |
Diarrhoea | 403 (14) | 160 (15) | 94 (19) | 5 (7) | 137 (13) |
Blood in stool | 102 (4) | 23 (2) | 4 (1) | 2 (3) | 70 (7) |
Dehydration | 83 (3) | 23 (2) | 8 (2) | - | 48 (4) |
Loss of weight/malnutrition | 69 (2) | 14 (1) | 4 (1) | 4 (6) | 44 (4) |
Excessive wind | 171 (6) | 63 (6) | 41 (8) | 4 (6) | 57 (5) |
Irritable bowel symptoms | 144 (5) | 45 (4) | 43 (8) | 4 (4) | 43 (4) |
Total (N) | 2795 | 1067 | 506 | 67 | 1076 |
Table 36: Breathing symptoms and anaphylaxis experienced by all children reported on for all foods, by child’s hypersensitivity
Breathing symptoms reported | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cough/sneezing | 478 (16) | 255 (16) | 31 (13) | 1 (6) | 181 (17) |
Runny nose | 459 (19) | 182 (12) | 52 (22) | 1 (6) | 214 (20) |
Irritable/ itchy nose | 421 (14) | 176 (12) | 39 (16) | 8 (50) | 190 (17) |
Congested nose | 288 (10) | 115 (7) | 26 (11) | 3 (19) | 132 (12) |
Wheezing | 385 (13) | 220 (14) | 27 (11) | 1 (6) | 124 (11) |
Tight chest | 290 (10) | 172 (11) | 26 (11) | 1 (6) | 85 (8) |
Breathless | 285 (10) | 187 (12) | 17 (7) | 1 (6) | 73 (7) |
Asthma | 139 (5) | 94 (6) | 18 (8) | - | 23 (2) |
Anaphylaxis | 232 (8) | 161 (10) | 4 (2) | - | 64 (6) |
Total (N) | 2977 | 1562 | 240 | 16 | 1086 |
Table 37: Most severe symptoms ever experienced across all foods reported, by child’s hypersensitivity
Most severe symptoms reported | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breathing | 1889 (25) | 746 (26) | 153 (21) | 12 (15) | 930 (25) |
Skin | 1763 (23) | 808 (28) | 136 (18) | 9 (12) | 774 (21) |
Gastrointestinal | 2090 (28) | 699 (24) | 364 (49) | 41 (53) | 944 (26) |
Mouth/throat/ear | 965 (13) | 382 (13) | 49 (7) | 8 (10) | 504 (14) |
Other | 856 (11) | 254 (8) | 43 (6) | 8 (10) | 532 (14) |
Total (N) | 7563 | 2889 | 745 | 78 | 3684 |
Table 38: Time period in which symptoms usually start, by child’s hypersensitivity
Time symptoms usually start after eating the reported foods | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less than 5 mins | 400 (27) | 282 (49) | 25 (13) | 4 (15) | 81 (13) |
5 to 30 mins | 480 (33) | 166 (29) | 95 (48) | 5 (19) | 211 (34) |
30 mins to 1 hour | 284 (19) | 48 (8) | 38 (19) | 5 (19) | 188 (30) |
1 to 2 hours | 193 (10) | 30 (5) | 19 (10) | 3 (11) | 81 (13) |
More than 2 hours | 104 (7) | 24 (4) | 21 (11) | 4 (15) | 48 (8) |
Don't know | 51 (3) | 29 (5) | 2 (1) | 6 (22) | 9 (1) |
Total (N) | 1462 | 579 | 200 | 27 | 618 |
Table 39: Diagnosis method for all foods, by child’s food hypersensitivity
Diagnosis method | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthcare professional’s diagnosis | 395 (21) | 142 (18) | 70 (33) | 4 (15) | 174 (22) |
Skin prick test | 463 (25) | 267 (33) | 26 (12) | 3 (11) | 158 (20) |
Blood test (antibodies for specified food) | 425 (23) | 194 (24) | 23 (11) | 12 (44) | 190 (24) |
Food challenge | 179 (9) | 71 (9) | 18 (8) | - | 82 (10) |
Not formally diagnosed but noticed symptoms | 260 (14) | 62 (8) | 71 (33) | 3 (11) | 117 (15) |
Complementary alternative therapist | 56 (3) | 12 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (4) | 41 (5) |
Don’t know/can’t remember | 25 (1) | 6 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (4) | 9 (1) |
Other | 82 (4) | 55 (7) | 2 (1) | 3 (11) | 18 (2) |
Total (N) | 1885 | 809 | 215 | 27 | 789 |
Table 40: Frequency of reactions to first food in the previous 12 months
Frequency of reactions | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Once | 279 (19) | 99 (17) | 23 (12) | 6 (23) | 147 (24) |
Twice | 300 (21) | 98 (17) | 47 (24) | 4 (15) | 141 (23) |
Between 3 and 6 times | 288 (20) | 95 (16) | 56 (28) | 6 (23) | 125 (21) |
Between 7 and 10 times | 112 (8) | 17 (3) | 18 (9) | 1 (4) | 74 (12) |
More than 10 times | 84 (6) | 30 (5) | 25 (13) | 3 (12) | 24 (4) |
They haven’t reacted to this food in the last year | 350 (24) | 229 (39) | 25 (13) | 5 (19) | 81 (13) |
Don't know | 33 (2) | 12 (2) | 3 (2) | 1 (4) | 12 (2) |
Total (N) | 1446 | 580 | 197 | 26 | 604 |
Table 41: Where parents report their child’s most recent experience of an adverse reactions to foods occurred, by hypersensitivity
Where reaction occurred | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home | 715 (52) | 348 (64) | 141 (73) | 9 (39) | 191 (33) |
School | 189 (14) | 61 (11) | 20 (10) | 3 (13) | 103 (18) |
Work | 145 (10) | 14 (3) | 9 (5) | 4 (17) | 93 (16) |
Family and friends house | 137 (10) | 29 (5) | 10 (5) | 4 (17) | 93 (16) |
Public transport | 51 (4) | 6 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (4) | 40 (7) |
Eating out | 64 (5) | 39 (7) | 2 (1) | - | 22 (4) |
Other | 58 (4) | 35 (6) | 5 (3) | 2 (9) | 7 (3) |
Can't remember | 23 (2) | 11 (2) | 3 (2) | - | 15 (1) |
Total (N) | 1382 | 543 | 192 | 23 | 587 |
Table 42: Who treated childrens' most recent reactions, reported by parents, across hypersensitivities
Who treated reaction | All adults N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I treated the reaction myself | 710 (45) | 366 (59) | 123 (57) | 11 (42) | 192 (29) |
My child treated the reaction themselves | 292 (19) | 36 (6) | 52 (24) | 7 (27) | 186 (28) |
They had medical help for their reaction | 360 (23) | 148 (24) | 26 (12) | 3 (12) | 178 (26) |
Someone else helped them to treat the reaction | 127 (8) | 26 (4) | 7 (3) | 3 (12) | 91 (14) |
They have not reacted to this food before | 45 (3) | 28 (5) | 2 (1) | 2 (8) | 13 (2) |
Can't remember | 38 (2) | 13 (2) | 6 (3) | - | 12 (2) |
Total | 1572 | 617 | 216 | 26 | 272 |
Table 43: Experience of anaphylaxis across all foods reported
Experience of anaphylaxis | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 657 (47) | 223 (41) | 28 (15) | 3 (12) | 391 (66) |
No | 645 (46) | 263 (48) | 159 (83) | 22 (85) | 181 (30) |
Not sure | 97 (7) | 64 (12) | 4 (2) | 1 (4) | 22 (4) |
Total (N) | 1399 | 550 | 191 | 26 | 594 |
Table 44: Experience of anaphylaxis in the last 12 months, across all foods reported
Experience of anaphylaxis in the last 12 months | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 488 (35) | 118 (21) | 20 (11) | 3 (13) | 338 (57) |
No | 825 (59) | 389 (71) | 160 (85) | 20 (83) | 232 (39) |
Not sure | 79 (6) | 43 (8) | 9 (5) | 1 (4) | 21 (4) |
Total (N) | 1392 | 550 | 189 | 24 | 591 |
Table 45: Frequency of hospital admissions for children, as reported by their parents
Frequency of admission for those admitted to hospital | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haven’t been admitted in the last 12 months | 162 (23) | 109 (50) | 10 (25) | 1 (25) | 40 (9) |
Once | 185 (26) | 56 (26) | 13 (33) | 1 (25) | 114 (27) |
Twice | 177 (25) | 40 (18) | 13 (33) | 1 (25) | 121 (28) |
Between 3 and 6 times | 108 (15) | 7 (3) | 3 (8) | 1 (25) | 93 (22) |
Between 7 and 10 times | 46 (7) | 1 (*) | - | - | 42 (10) |
More than 10 times | 16 (2) | 2 (1) | - | - | 14 (3) |
Don't know | 6 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (3) | - | 1 (*) |
Total (N) | 700 | 218 | 40 | 4 | 425 |
Table 46: Admission to hospital for a child's first time reaction to a food, reported by parents
Admission to hospital for first reaction to food | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 539 (79) | 164 (76) | 28 (70) | 3 (75) | 336 (82) |
No | 144 (21) | 53 (24) | 12 (30) | 1 (25) | 75 (18) |
Total (N) | 683 | 217 | 40 | 4 | 411 |
Table 47: Frequency of parents’ households eating out or getting food to takeaway, by child’s hypersensitivity
Frequency | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
At least once a day | 24 (4) | 8 (2) | 4 (3) | 2 (10) | 9 (8) |
5-6 times a week | 34 (5) | 9 (3) | 5 (3) | - | 19 (16) |
3-4 times a week | 43 (7) | 14 (4) | 4 (3) | 1 (5) | 22 (18) |
Once or twice a week | 119 (18) | 64 (19) | 30 (19) | 5 (25) | 18 (15) |
Once a fortnight | 127 (19) | 69 (20) | 36 (23) | 5 (25) | 17 (14) |
Once a month | 123 (19) | 68 (20) | 36 (23) | 3 (15) | 12 (10) |
Less than once a month | 139 (21) | 83 (24) | 34 (22) | 4 (20) | 14 (12) |
Never | 37 (6) | 24 (7) | 7 (4) | - | 4 (3) |
Don't know | 7 (1) | 1 (8) | 1 (1) | - | 4 (3) |
Total (N) | 653 | 340 | 157 | 20 | 119 |
Table 48: How comfortable parent respondents feel about asking a member of staff for information about the food they are selling when eating out, because of a concern about their child’s food hypersensitivity, by child’s hypersensitivity
Level of comfort asking for information | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very or fairly comfortable | 433 (72) | 231 (74) | 114 (77) | 12 (63) | 70 (65) |
Not very or not at all comfortable | 126 (21) | 62 (20) | 22 (15) | 5 (26) | 32 (30) |
Varies from place to place | 35 (6) | 18 (6) | 10 (7) | 2 (11) | 4 (4) |
Don't know | 8 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (2) | - | 1 (1) |
Total (N) | 602 | 313 | 149 | 19 | 107 |
Table 49: Confidence that written information provided when eating out allows the identification of foods that cause their child a bad or unpleasant physical reaction, by child’s food hypersensitivity
Level of confidence in information provided | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very or fairly confident | 390 (65) | 201 (64) | 110 (73) | 10 (53) | 64 (60) |
Not very or not at all confident | 148 (25) | 79 (25) | 24 (16) | 6 (32) | 34 (32) |
Varies from place to place | 53 (9) | 31 (10) | 11 (7) | 3 (16) | 8 (7) |
Don't know | 13 (2) | 3 (1) | 5 (3) | - | 1 (1) |
Total (N) | 604 | 314 | 150 | 19 | 107 |
Table 50: Confidence that information provided verbally by staff when eating out allows the identification of foods that cause their child a bad or unpleasant physical reaction, by child’s food hypersensitivity
Level of confidence in information provided verbally by staff | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very or fairly confident | 335 (55) | 158 (50) | 108 (72) | 5 (26) | 60 (55) |
Not very or not at all confident | 206 (34) | 118 (38) | 31 (21) | 9 (47) | 44 (40) |
Varies from place to place | 55 (9) | 35 (11) | 8 (5) | 5 (26) | 4 (4) |
Don't know | 10 (2) | 3 (1) | 3 (2) | - | 1 (1) |
Total (N) | 606 | 314 | 150 | 19 | 109 |
Table 51: Frequency that parent respondents report their child being served a food that they may react to in the last 12 months, despite reviewing available information, by child’s hypersensitivity
Frequency of being offered allergens | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Once | 139 (23) | 78 (25) | 28 (19) | 5 (26) | 26 (24) |
Twice | 87 (14) | 35 (11) | 22 (15) | - | 26 (24) |
Between 3- 6 times | 58 (10) | 15 (5) | 14 (9) | 2 (11) | 24 (22) |
Between 7 -10 times | 8 (1) | 3 (1) | - | 2 (11) | 3 (3) |
More than 10 times | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | - | - |
This hasn’t happened in the last 12 months | 309 (51) | 181 (58) | 84 (56) | 10 (53) | 29 (27) |
Total | 604 | 314 | 149 | 19 | 108 |
Table 52: Comparisons for parents taking part at both Wave 1 and Wave 2
Wave | All parents N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wave 1 | 793 | 496 (50) | 156 (20) | 39 (5) | 95 (12) |
Wave 2 | 750 | 399 (53) | 176 (23) | 21 (3) | 134 (18) |
Both waves | 77 | 51 (66) | 7 (9) | 8 (10) | 9 (12) |
Annex C – Children (8-17 years) with food hypersensitivities
Table 53: Ethnicity, by food hypersensitivity
Ethnicity | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
White British/Irish | 300 (86) | 118 (84) | 123 (88) | 28 (97) | 15 (71) |
Mixed/multiple ethnicity | 18 (5) | 7 (5) | 7 (5) | 1 (3) | 2 (10) |
Asian (Indian, Chinese, Bangladeshi, Pakistani) background | 17 (5) | 10 (7) | 4 (3) | - | 1 (5) |
Black British/African/Caribbean | 10 (3) | 4 (3) | 5 (4) | - | 1 (5) |
Arab | 1 (*) | - | - | - | 1 (5) |
Other ethnic group | 1 (*) | - | - | - | 1 (5) |
Total (N) | 347 | 139 | 139 | 29 | 21 |
Table 54: Region by food hypersensitivity
Region | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scotland | 27 (8) | 10 (7) | 14 (10) | 1 (3) | - |
Northern Ireland | 4 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | - | 1 (5) |
Wales | 20 (6) | 4 (3) | 8 (6) | 4 (14) | 4 (19) |
North East of England | 14 (4) | 5 (4) | 4 (3) | 2 (7) | 1 (5) |
North West of England | 48 (14) | 18 (3) | 22 (16) | 5 (17) | 2 (10) |
Yorkshire and the Humber | 33 (9) | 16 (11) | 11 (8) | 2 (7) | - |
East of England | 30 (9) | 7 (5) | 16 (12) | 2 (7) | 1 (5) |
East Midlands | 25 (7) | 13 (9) | 8 (6) | 3 (10) | - |
West Midlands | 26 (7) | 14 (10) | 9 (6) | 3 (10) | - |
London | 50 (14) | 29 (21) | 14 (10) | 2 (7) | 4 (19) |
South West of England | 24 (7) | 11 (8) | 8 (6) | 2 (7) | 2 (10) |
South East of England | 48 (14) | 13 (9) | 23 (17) | 3 (10) | 6 (29) |
Total (N) | 359 | 141 | 139 | 29 | 21 |
Table 55: All foods child respondents reacted to (no limit on numbers reported), by hypersensitivity
All foods reacted to | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celery | 30 (3) | 7 (1) | 7 (3) | 5 (8) | 10 (11) |
Cereals containing gluten (wheat, rye, barley or oats) | 72 (8) | 17 (3) | 28 (11) | 18 (28) | 6 (7) |
Crustaceans (such as prawns, crabs, scampi or lobsters) | 37 (4) | 17 (3) | 10 (4) | 2 (3) | 6 (7) |
Eggs | 81 (8) | 32 (6) | 25 (10) | 11 (17) | 9 (10) |
Fish | 43 (5) | 22 (4) | 6 (2) | 2 (3) | 10 (11) |
Lupin | 12 (1) | 6 (1) | 1 (*) | 2 (3) | 3 (3) |
Milk | 103 (11) | 24 (5) | 57 (22) | 5 (8) | 9 (10) |
Molluscs (such as mussels, snails, squid, whelks, clams or oysters) | 15 (2) | 4 (1) | 9 (4) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) |
Mustard | 17 (2) | 5 (1) | 3 (1) | 3 (5) | 4 (4) |
Peanuts | 71 (7) | 57 (12) | 12 (5) | - | 1 (1) |
Tree nuts: Almond | 50 (5) | 35 (7) | 9 (4) | 1 (2) | 4 (4) |
Tree nuts: Hazelnuts | 47 (5) | 34 (7) | 4 (2) | 2 (3) | 6 (7) |
Tree nuts: Brazil nuts | 38 (4) | 30 (6) | 5 (2) | - | 2 (2) |
Tree nuts: Walnuts | 40 (4) | 31 (6) | 4 (2) | 2 (3) | 2 (2) |
Tree nuts: Cashew nuts | 45 (5) | 34 (7) | 4 (2) | 3 (5) | 3 (3) |
Tree nuts: Pecans | 42 (4) | 29 (6) | 7 (3) | 1 (2) | 4 (4) |
Tree nuts: Macadamia nuts | 39 (4) | 29 (6) | 4 (2) | 2 (3) | 2 (2) |
Tree nuts: Pistachios | 43 (5) | 31 (6) | 7 (3) | - | 4 (4) |
Sesame seed | 18 (2) | 9 (2) | 4 (2) | 1 (2) | 4 (4) |
Soybeans | 17 (2) | 7 (1) | 7 (3) | 1 (2) | - |
Sulphur dioxide | 10 (1) | 2 (*) | 5 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) |
Fruit | 38 (4) | 21 (4) | 13 (5) | - | - |
Vegetables | 20 (2) | 7 (1) | 10 (4) | 1 (2) | - |
Other | 27 (3) | 5 (1) | 16 (6) | 1 (2) | - |
Total (N) | 955 | 495 | 257 | 65 | 92 |
Table 56: All foods resulting in adverse reactions, by food hypersensitivity
Food resulting in adverse reaction | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celery | 15 (3) | - | 4 (3) | 4 (11) | 2 (3) |
Cereals containing gluten (wheat, rye, barley or oats) | 50 (11) | 5 (3) | 25 (16) | 16 (46) | 4 (7) |
Crustaceans (such as prawns, crabs, scampi or lobsters) | 18 (4) | 11 (7) | 4 (3) | - | 3 (5) |
Eggs | 42 (10) | 17 (11) | 18 (11) | 2 (6) | 4 (7) |
Fish | 34 (8) | 19 (12) | 7 (4) | 2 (6) | 5 (8) |
Lupin | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | - | - | 2 (3) |
Milk | 78 (18) | 12 (8) | 53 (33) | 3 (9) | 4 (7) |
Molluscs (such as mussels, snails, squid, whelks, clams or oysters) | 8 (2) | 1 (1) | 3 (2) | 2 (6) | 2 (3) |
Mustard | 4 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) |
Peanuts | 52 (12) | 45 (28) | 7 (4) | - | - |
Tree nuts | 57 (13) | 20 (13) | 6 (4) | 4 (11) | 26 (43) |
Sesame seed | 8 (2) | 2 (1) | - | - | 6 (10) |
Soy bean | 6 (1) | 3 (2) | 2 (1) | - | - |
Sulphur dioxide and sulphites | 4 (1) | - | 2 (1) | - | - |
Fruit | 30 (7) | 16 (10) | 12 (8) | - | - |
Vegetables | 5 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (2) | - | - |
Other | 26 (6) | 4 (3) | 13 (8) | 1 (3) | 2 (3) |
Total (N) | 440 | 159 | 160 | 35 | 61 |
Table 57: All symptoms usually experienced for all foods, according to hypersensitivity group
Symptoms | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breathing | 640 (25) | 315 (30) | 147 (19) | 50 (30) | 113 (26) |
Skin | 586 (23) | 288 (28) | 149 (20) | 41 (17) | 96 (22) |
Gastrointestinal | 868 (34) | 205 (20) | 394 (52) | 110 (45) | 109 (25) |
Mouth/throat/ear | 299 (12) | 162 (16) | 48 (6) | 22 (9) | 63 (14) |
Other | 183 (7) | 67 (6) | 26 (3) | 23 (9) | 60 (14) |
Total N | 2576 | 1037 | 764 | 246 | 441 |
Table 58: Gastrointestinal symptoms experienced for all foods reported, according to hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal symptoms reported | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bloated stomach | 128 (15) | 21 (10) | 74 (19) | 15 (14) | 8 (7) |
Abdominal pain/stomach cramps | 157 (18) | 35 (17) | 84 (21) | 20 (18) | 10 (9) |
Heart burn | 62 (7) | 20 (10) | 15 (4) | 3 (3) | 21 (19) |
Sickness/vomiting | 212 (24) | 74 (36) | 70 (18) | 28 (25) | 29 (27) |
Diarrhoea | 134 (15) | 30 (15) | 72 (18) | 15 (14) | 11 (10) |
Blood in stool | 19 (2) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 5 (5) | 9 (8) |
Dehydration | 22 (3) | 5 (2) | 3 (1) | 5 (5) | 8 (7) |
Loss of weight/malnutrition | 19 (2) | 4 (2) | 4 (1) | 5 (5) | 4 (4) |
Excessive wind | 55 (6) | 7 (3) | 36 (9) | 5 (5) | 5 (5) |
Irritable bowel symptoms | 60 (7) | 7 (3) | 34 (9) | 9 (8) | 4 (4) |
Total (N) | 868 | 205 | 394 | 110 | 109 |
Table 59: Breathing symptoms and anaphylaxis experienced for all foods reported, according to hypersensitivity
Breathing symptoms reported | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cough/sneezing | 85 (13) | 45 (13) | 12 (8) | 4 (8) | 21 (18) |
Runny nose | 99 (15) | 31 (9) | 27 (18) | 11 (22) | 23 (19) |
Irritable/itchy nose | 97 (15) | 44 (13) | 28 (19) | 7 (14) | 18 (15) |
Congested nose | 47 (7) | 25 (7) | 12 (8) | 7 (14) | 13 (11) |
Wheezing |
93 (14) | 51 (15) | 20 (13) | 6 (12) | 15 (13) |
Tight chest | 97 (15) | 58 (17) | 23 (15) | 6 (12) | 9 (8) |
Breathless | 85 (13) | 47 (14) | 19 (13) | 6 (12) | 10 (8) |
Asthma | 37 (6) | 24 (7) | 6 (4) | 3 (5) | 4 (3) |
Anaphylaxis | 28 (4) | 18 (5) | 3 (2) | 1 (2) | 6 (5) |
Total (N) | 668 | 343 | 150 | 51 | 119 |
Table 60: Most severe symptoms ever experienced for all foods, by hypersensitivity group
Most severe symptoms reported | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breathing | 457 (24) | 191 (28) | 100 (18) | 44 (25) | 108 (26) |
Skin | 421 (22) | 201 (30) | 104 (18) | 29 (16) | 82 (20) |
Gastrointestinal | 626 (33) | 137 (20) | 289 (51) | 64 (36) | 108 (26) |
Mouth/throat/ear | 232 (12) | 99 (15) | 49 (9) | 18 (10) | 54 (13) |
Other | 168 (9) | 49 (7) | 26 (5) | 23 (313) | 67 (16) |
Total (N) | 1895 | 677 | 568 | 178 | 519 |
Table 61: Time period in which symptoms usually start, by hypersensitivity
Time symptoms usually start after eating the reported food | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less than 5 mins | 102 (23) | 53 (34) | 32 (20) | 2 (6) | 12 (20) |
5 to 30 mins | 178 (41) | 75 (48) | 64 (40) | 11 (31) | 18 (30) |
30 mins to 1 hour | 80 (18) | 16 (10) | 35 (22) | 10 (29) | 14 (23) |
1 to 2 hours | 37 (9) | 4 (3) | 13 (8) | 9 (26) | 8 (13) |
More than 2 hours | 27 (6) | 3 (2) | 12 (8) | 1 (3) | 7 (11) |
Don't know | 11 (3) | 4 (3) | 3 (2) | 2 (6) | 2 (3) |
Total N | 435 | 155 | 159 | 35 | 61 |
Table 62: Diagnosis method, by hypersensitivity
Diagnosis method | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthcare professional’s diagnosis | 82 (15) | 38 (19) | 25 (13) | 8 (17) | 10 (15) |
Skin prick test | 77 (14) | 44 (22) | 15 (8) | 4 (9) | 12 (18) |
Blood test | 86 (16) | 34 (17) | 14 (7) | 18 (39) | 18 (26) |
Food challenge | 44 (8) | 16 (8) | 17 (9) | 3 (7) | 6 (9) |
No formally diagnosed but noticed symptoms themselves | 111 (21) | 25 (12) | 62 (31) | 3 (7) | 14 (21) |
Caregiver told me I reacted to it | 105 (20) | 35 (17) | 54 (27) | 4 (9) | 7 (10) |
Don’t know/can’t remember | 21 (4) | 7 (3) | 8 (4) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) |
Other | 11 (2) | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 5 (11) | - |
Total (N) | 537 | 202 | 197 | 46 | 68 |
Table 63: Frequency of reactions to all foods in the previous 12 months
Frequency of reactions | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Once | 88 (21) | 34 (22) | 20 (13) | 5 (15) | 24 (41) |
Twice | 107 (25) | 44 (28) | 31 (20) | 9 (27) | 17 (29) |
Between 3 and 6 times | 82 (19) | 19 (12) | 42 (27) | 9 (27) | 9 (15) |
Between 7 and 10 times | 23 (5) | 5 (3) | 10 (6) | 5 (15) | 3 (5) |
More than 10 times | 41 (10) | 9 (6) | 25 (16) | 3 (9) | 1 (2) |
I haven’t reacted to this food in the last year | 72 (17) | 41 (26) | 22 (14) | 1 (3) | 3 (5) |
Don't know | 16 (4) | 3 (2) | 7 (4) | 1 (3) | 2 (3) |
Total (N) | 429 | 155 | 157 | 33 | 59 |
Table 64: Where children reported experiencing their most recent adverse reaction, by hypersensitivity
Where reaction occurred | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home | 237 (58) | 76 (51) | 117 (76) | 16 (52) | 15 (28) |
School | 63 (15) | 33 (22) | 10 (7) | 7 (23) | 9 (17) |
Work | 11 (3) | 3 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 6 (11) |
Family and friends house | 52 (13) | 16 (11) | 12 (8) | 4 (13) | 17 (31) |
Public transport | 8 (2) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 4 (7) |
Eating out | 24 (6) | 12 (8) | 10 (7) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) |
Other | 7 (2) | 4 (3) | - | - | 2 (4) |
Can't remember | 9 (2) | 3 (2) | 2 (1) | 1 (3) | - |
Total (N) | 411 | 149 | 153 | 31 | 54 |
Table 65: Who treated childrens' reactions across hypersensitivities
Who treated reaction | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I treated the reaction myself | 166 (36) | 52 (31) | 72 (44) | 12 (30) | 15 (22) |
I had medical help for the reaction | 115 (25) | 51 (31) | 18 (11) | 11 (28) | 32 (47) |
Someone else helped me to treat the reaction | 143 (31) | 49 (29) | 61 (38) | 11 (28) | 16 (24) |
I have not reacted to this food before | 14 (3) | 4 (2) | 3 (2) | 3 (8) | 4 (6) |
Can’t remember | 25 (5) | 11 (7) | 8 (5) | 3 (8) | 1 (1) |
Total | 463 | 167 | 162 | 40 | 68 |
Table 66: Experience of anaphylaxis, across all foods reported by children
Experience of anaphylaxis | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 145 (35) | 62 (41) | 22 (14) | 9 (28) | 45 (28) |
No | 234 (56) | 72 (48) | 120 (78) | 21 (66) | 6 (11) |
Not sure | 38 (9) | 16 (11) | 12 (8) | 2 (6) | 5 (9) |
Total (N) | 417 | 150 | 154 | 32 | 56 |
Table 67: Experience of anaphylaxis in the last 12 months, across all foods reported by children
Experience of anaphylaxis in the last 12 months | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 98 (24) | 32 (22) | 16 (11) | 9 (29) | 35 (64) |
No | 285 (71) | 107 (74) | 126 (85) | 20 (65) | 17 (31) |
Not sure | 19 (5) | 5 (3) | 6 (4) | 2 (6) | 3 (5) |
Total (N) | 402 | 144 | 148 | 31 | 55 |
Table 68: Frequency of emergency hospital admissions because of an adverse reaction, reported by children
Frequency of admission for those admitted to hospital | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haven’t been admitted in the last 12 months | 33 (23) | 22 (37) | 6 (22) | 3 (30) | 2 (5) |
Once | 44 (30) | 18 (31) | 7 (26) | 3 (30) | 12 (29) |
Twice | 32 (22) | 10 (17) | 7 (26) | 2 (20) | 11 (26) |
Between 3 and 6 times | 17 (12) | 2 (3) | 4 (15) | 2 (20) | 9 (21) |
Between 7 and 10 times | 9 (6) | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | - | 7 (17) |
More than 10 times | 5 (3) | 3 (5) | 1 (4) | - | 1 (2) |
Don’t know | 5 (3) | 3 (5) | 1 (4) | - | - |
Total (N) | 145 | 59 | 27 | 10 | 42 |
Table 69: Admission to hospital for a child's first time reaction to a food
Admission to hospital for first reaction to food | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple food hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 120 (86) | 50 (86) | 24 (92) | 7 (70) | 33 (85) |
No | 20 (14) | 8 (14) | 2 (8) | 3 (30) | 6 (15) |
Total (N) | 140 | 58 | 26 | 10 | 39 |
Table 70: Frequency of eating out or getting food to take away from a restaurant or other food outlet, by hypersensitivity
Frequency | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
At least once a day | 10 (3) | 4 (3) | 2 (1) | 1 (3) | 3 (16) |
5-6 times a week | 15 (4) | 5 (4) | 3 (2) | - | 5 (26) |
3-4 times a week | 33 (10) | 17 (13) | 8 (6) | 2 (7) | 6 (32) |
Once or twice a week | 82 (24) | 36 (26) | 34 (25) | 8 (28) | - |
Once a fortnight | 51 (15) | 16 (12) | 21 (16) | 8 (28) | 4 (21) |
Once a month | 65 (19) | 24(18) | 35 (26) | 3 (10) | 1 (5) |
Less than once a month | 60 (18) | 26 (19) | 22 (16) | 7 (24) | - |
Never | 16 (5) | 6 (4) | 7 (5) | - | - |
Don’t know | 6 (2) | 2 (1) | 3 (2) | - | - |
Total (N) | 338 | 136 | 135 | 29 | 19 |
Table 71: How comfortable child respondents feel asking a member of staff for information about the food they are selling when eating out, by food hypersensitivity
Level of comfort asking for information | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very or fairly comfortable | 179 (56) | 84 (65) | 63 (50) | 16 (57) | 9 (50) |
Not very or not at all comfortable | 89 (28) | 31 (24) | 36 (29) | 6 (21) | 7 (39) |
Varies from place to place | 26 (8) | 7 (5) | 15 (12) | 1 (4) | 2 (11) |
Don’t know | 23 (7) | 8 (6) | 11 (9) | 2 (7) | - |
Total (N) | 317 | 130 | 125 | 28 | 28 |
Table 72: Confidence that written information provided when eating out allows identification of foods that cause a bad or unpleasant physical reaction, by food hypersensitivity
Level of confidence in information provided | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very or fairly confident | 198 (63) | 85 (66) | 77 (61) | 17 (63) | 8 (44) |
Not very or not at all confident | 75 (24) | 29 (23) | 29 (23) | 7 (26) | 8 (44) |
Varies from place to place | 19 (6) | 6 (5) | 10 (8) | - | 2 (11) |
Don’t know | 24 (8) | 9 (7) | 10 (8) | 3 (11) | - |
Total (N) | 316 | 129 | 126 | 27 | 18 |
Table 73: Confidence that information provided verbally by staff when eating out allows identification of foods that cause a bad or unpleasant physical reaction, by hypersensitivity
Level of confidence in information provided | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very or fairly confident | 188 (59) | 88 (67) | 66 (52) | 16 (57) | 10 (56) |
Not very or not at all confident | 75 (24) | 24 (19) | 33 (26) | 8 (29) | 8 (45) |
Varies from place to place | 25 (8) | 8 (6) | 15 (12) | 1 (4) | - |
Don’t know | 30 (9) | 11 (9) | 13 (10 | 3 (11) | - |
Total (N) | 318 | 129 | 127 | 28 | 18 |
Table 74: Frequency of children respondents being offered a food in the last 12 months, which may result in an adverse reaction, despite checking the available information
Frequency of being offered food | All children N (%) |
Food allergy N (%) |
Food intolerance N (%) |
Coeliac disease N (%) |
Multiple hypersensitivities N (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Once | 65 (20) | 24 (18) | 24 (19) | 10 (34) | 5 (28) |
Twice | 46 (14) | 20 (15) | 13 (10) | 3 (10) | 8 (44) |
Between 3- 6 times | 28 (9) | 8 (6) | 12 (10) | 4 (14) | 2 (11) |
Between 7 -10 times | 8 (3) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 3 (10) | 2 (11) |
More than 10 times | 3 (1) | 2 (2) | - | 1 (3) | - |
This hasn’t happened in the last 12 months | 169 (53) | 74 (57) | 76 (60) | 8 (28) | 1 (6) |
Total | 319 | 130 | 126 | 29 | 18 |
Table 75: Summary of significant predictors of Quality of Life for each FH-specific group (only the models with significant predictors)
Predictor | Adult with FA | Adult with FI | Adult with CD | Parent-proxy for teen with FA | Child with FA | Teen with FA | Child with FI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Long-term condition | P | P | |||||
Physical and mental health condition | P | P | |||||
Asthma | P | ||||||
Eczema | P | ||||||
Greater number of foods | sP, 2 | P | P, 2 | ||||
Greater severity | P, 2 | P, 2 | P | sP, 2 | P | sP, 2 | P |
Prescribed an AAI | P | P | |||||
Anaphylaxis | P | P | |||||
Hospital admission | P | ||||||
Reaction to food in last 12 months | P | ||||||
Frequency of eating out | P | P | |||||
Frequency of checking information before choosing where to eat | P,2 | P,2 | P,2 | P | P | sP, 2 | |
Frequency of checking information before ordering | P | P, 2 | |||||
Frequency of asking staff for information | P, 2 | sP, 2 | P | P | |||
Being served a dish containing an allergen that participants may have a reaction to in the last 12 months | P, 2 | P | P, 2 | ||||
Comfort in asking staff for information | P | P, 1 | sP, 1 | P | |||
Confidence in written information | P | P, 1 | |||||
Confidence in verbal information | P | P | P | sP, 1 |
• P = predictor
• sP = strongest predictor
• 1 = Better QoL
• 2 = Worse QoL