English Cymraeg
Turmeric survey: final report

References and tables

References for the report and detailed data tables.

Diweddarwyd ddiwethaf: 12 September 2023
Gweld as PDF
Diweddarwyd ddiwethaf: 12 September 2023
Gweld as PDF

[1]  Alok A., Singh I.D., Singh S., et al.  (2015)  Curcumin – Pharmacological Actions And its Role in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Review.  Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 9: 1-3.

[2] Turmeric report (PDF) on the Committee for Toxicity website.

[3]  Monton,C., Charoenchai, L., Suksaeree, J. and Sueree, L.  (2016)  Quantitation of curcuminoid contents, dissolution profile, and volatile oil content of turmeric capsules produced at some secondary government hospitals Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 24: 493-499.

Download the full data tables: 

Full references and data tables (225.39 KB)

Figure 1: Curcuminoid structures

Curcuminoid structures including Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin and Bisdemethoxycurcumin.

Table 1: Sample details

Sample code LIMS number Product Type of product
TU01 S21-002317 Turmeric powder Powder
TU02 S21-002318 Turmeric with black pepper Supplement
TU03 S21-002319 Turmeric tablets Supplement
TU04 S21-002320 Ground Turmeric Powder
TU05 S21-002321 Turmeric Supplement
TU06 S21-002322 Turmeric and black pepper Supplement
TU07 S21-002323 Organic turmeric Supplement
TU08 S21-002324 Turmeric Supplement
TU09 S21-002325 Organic ground Turmeric Powder
TU010 S21-002326 Turmeric Powder
TU011 S21-002327 Turmeric powder Powder
TU012 S21-002328 Curcumin Supplement
TU013 S21-002329 Turmeric Supplement
TU014 S21-002330 Turmeric Powder
TU015 S21-002331 Turmeric Supplement
TU016 S21-002332 Organic Turmeric powder Powder
TU017 S21-002333 Turmeric and black pepper Supplement
TU018 S21-002334 Turmeric and piperine Supplement
TU019 S21-002335 Turmeric whole Ordered as fresh but actually whole
TU020 S21-002336 Turmeric and black pepper tablets Supplement
TU021 S21-002337 Turmeric, ginger and black pepper tablets Supplement
TU022 S21-002338 Turmeric Powder
TU023 S21-002339 Ground Turmeric Powder
TU024 S21-002340 Turmeric powder Powder
TU025 S21-002341 Cod liver oil and Turmeric Supplement
TU026 S21-002342 Turmeric Fresh
TU027 S21-002343 Turmeric Fresh
TU028 S21-002344 Turmeric Fresh
TU029 S21-002345 Turmeric Fresh
TU030 S21-002346 Turmeric with black pepper Supplement

Table 2: Trace element concentrations

Sample code TU01 TU02 TU03 TU04 TU05
Sample name Turmeric powder

Turmeric with black pepper

 Turmeric tablets Ground turmeric Turmeric
Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Lithium 0.116 0.052 0.125 0.12 0.187
Beryllium 0.007 0.005 0.013 0.009 0.014
Boron 4 5 3 5 5
Sodium 271 784 1610 341 977
Magnesium 1960 1770 1130 1990 785
Aluminium 468 384 153 429 541
Silicon 800 800 500 900 1900
Phosphorus 2990 2210 1620 2580 1290
Sulfur 1300 1000 900 1200 900
Potassium 40700 34600 24300 40100 17300
Calcium 1900 1870 311000 1940 2500
Scandium 0.137 0.139 0.354 0.124 0.153
Titanium 39.9 25.5 281 31.6 9.5
Vanadium 1.79 1.55 0.88 1.44 0.77
Chromium 0.51 0.54 2.39 0.48 1.93
Manganese 42.9 31.4 62.8 62.2 89.9
Iron 317 261 283 259 228
Cobalt 0.294 0.212 0.109 0.21 0.163
Nickel 0.45 0.47 0.33 0.5 1.01
Copper 3.06 2.88 0.4 2.81 1.9
Zinc 9.1 7.1 5.2 9.4 7.4
Gallium 0.12 0.1 0.07 0.11 0.16
Germanium 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.03
Arsenic 0.035 0.017 0.102 0.036 0.448
Selenium 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.05
Rubidium 5.92 5.26 21.2 7.81 17.1
Strontium 9.3 11.8 85.8 11.9 17.2
Yttrium 0.174 0.128 0.699 0.139 0.313
Zirconium 0.26 0.2 0.75 0.24 0.23
Niobium 0.026 0.014 0.157 0.022 0.007
Molybdenum 0.11 0.08 0.1 0.15 0.13
Ruthenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Rhodium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Palladium 0.007 0.006 0.047 0.007 0.012
Silver <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium 0.013 0.009 0.219 0.037 0.055
Tin 0.01 0.024 0.024 0.011 0.036
Antimony <0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 <0.002
Tellurium <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Caesium 0.015 0.011 0.011 0.018 0.031
Barium 5.91 3.92 9.37 8.86 29
Lanthanum 0.123 0.057 0.364 0.177 0.366
Cerium 0.294 0.147 0.299 0.366 0.709
Praseodymium 0.035 0.019 0.057 0.043 0.085
Neodymium 0.156 0.09 0.238 0.177 0.328
Samarium 0.036 0.023 0.047 0.036 0.064
Europium 0.01 0.008 0.012 0.009 0.014
Gadolinium 0.036 0.025 0.057 0.043 0.085
Terbium 0.006 0.004 0.009 0.005 0.01
Dysprosium 0.034 0.026 0.057 0.029 0.057
Holmium 0.007 0.005 0.013 0.005 0.011
Erbium 0.018 0.014 0.04 0.015 0.031
Thulium 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.004
Ytterbium 0.014 0.011 0.031 0.011 0.025
Lutetium 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.004
Hafnium 0.009 0.006 0.015 0.007 0.007
Tantalum 0.001 0.001 0.009 0.001 <0.001
Tungsten 0.003 0.008 <0.002 0.004 0.069
Rhenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001
Osmium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Iridium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Platinum <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Gold <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Mercury <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Thallium 0.009 0.005 0.009 0.009 0.014
Lead 0.071 0.033 0.094 0.116 0.26
Bismuth <0.001 <0.001 0.004 <0.001 0.003
Thorium 0.036 0.013 0.03 0.058 0.137
Uranium 0.01 0.008 0.166 0.012 0.024

Table 2: Trace element concentrations (continued)

Sample code TU06 TU07 TU08 TU09 TU10
Sample name Turmeric and black pepper

Organic turmeric

 Turmeric Organic ground turmeric Turmeric
Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Lithium 0.211 0.203 0.135 0.185 0.247
Beryllium 0.015 0.012 0.007 0.014 0.03
Boron 6 5 4 4 5
Sodium 3010 479 794 398 49
Magnesium 1960 1600 1870 2300 1830
Aluminium 403 1210 514 655 1420
Silicon 700 2000 1700 1000 1600
Phosphorus 134000 3270 2380 2890 2890
Sulfur 1300 1200 1200 1400 1200
Potassium 45200 31900 26300 41300 48000
Calcium 203000 2030 1550 1870 1860
Scandium 0.29 0.25 0.148 0.134 0.198
Titanium 37 24.6 24.3 36.4 30
Vanadium 1.55 1.69 1.32 1.37 1.23
Chromium 0.86 0.36 1.94 1.3 2.11
Manganese 131 333 49.5 28.4 200
Iron 233 408 288 290 357
Cobalt 0.185 0.179 0.235 0.208 0.205
Nickel 0.59 0.32 1.01 0.64 1.34
Copper 0.83 3.12 2.36 2.98 3.15
Zinc 9.4 37.8 9.2 9.4 22
Gallium 0.13 0.22 0.13 0.17 0.32
Germanium 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.05
Arsenic 0.084 0.095 0.031 0.053 0.133
Selenium 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.09
Rubidium 32.1 27.7 4.46 9.36 32.8
Strontium 50.7 16.7 13.5 16 18.1
Yttrium 0.758 0.404 0.143 0.193 0.343
Zirconium 1.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.18
Niobium 0.06 0.014 0.021 0.046 0.08
Molybdenum 1.87 0.43 0.19 0.16 0.86
Ruthenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Rhodium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Palladium 0.03 0.012 0.007 0.01 0.012
Silver <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium 0.037 0.221 0.017 0.015 0.086
Tin 0.155 0.032 0.012 0.022 0.042
Antimony 0.017 0.005 0.002 0.003 0.01
Tellurium <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Caesium 0.015 0.09 0.011 0.024 0.086
Barium 14.7 49.8 8.37 9.09 33.2
Lanthanum 0.329 0.246 0.196 0.372 0.618
Cerium 0.56 0.455 0.44 0.769 1.19
Praseodymium 0.084 0.062 0.048 0.084 0.134
Neodymium 0.358 0.269 0.189 0.316 0.513
Samarium 0.081 0.061 0.036 0.059 0.095
Europium 0.019 0.022 0.009 0.013 0.022
Gadolinium 0.088 0.067 0.034 0.054 0.086
Terbium 0.015 0.011 0.005 0.008 0.012
Dysprosium 0.093 0.067 0.029 0.04 0.064
Holmium 0.019 0.013 0.006 0.007 0.012
Erbium 0.058 0.04 0.016 0.021 0.033
Thulium 0.008 0.005 0.002 0.003 0.004
Ytterbium 0.049 0.034 0.013 0.016 0.026
Lutetium 0.008 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.004
Hafnium 0.04 0.011 0.01 0.009 0.01
Tantalum <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.005
Tungsten 0.027 0.018 0.016 0.009 0.039
Rhenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Osmium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Iridium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Platinum <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Gold <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Mercury <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Thallium 0.017 0.104 0.014 0.013 0.041
Lead 0.097 0.288 0.092 0.203 2.25
Bismuth <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.001 0.008
Thorium 0.097 0.043 0.061 0.17 0.237
Uranium 0.57 0.012 0.014 0.032 0.037

Table 2: Trace element concentrations (continued)

Sample code TU11 TU12 TU13 TU14 TU15
Sample name Turmeric powder

Curcumin

 Turmeric Turmeric Turmeric
Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Lithium 0.132 <0.005 <0.005 0.09 0.32
Beryllium 0.007 0.02 <0.001 0.006 0.016
Boron 5 42 <1 4 5
Sodium 421 447 78500 285 536
Magnesium 2550 1450 10 1770 1080
Aluminium 587 10.2 <0.5 306 98.1
Silicon 1700 1200 <100 700 400
Phosphorus 3510 20200 <10 2840 82300
Sulfur 1600 <500 <500 1300 <500
Potassium 42200 <20 50 38100 1140
Calcium 2310 28500 46 1570 323000
Scandium 0.202 0.074 <0.005 0.092 0.387
Titanium 58.8 4 <0.1 27.6 12.3
Vanadium 2.61 0.11 0.04 1.19 0.81
Chromium 0.74 0.12 <0.05 0.33 1.17
Manganese 105 1.7 0.2 39.3 31.7
Iron 456 251 <1 193 65
Cobalt 0.439 0.03 <0.005 0.22 0.042
Nickel 0.62 0.08 <0.05 0.41 0.17
Copper 4.46 114 0.05 2.62 0.18
Zinc 21.6 0.4 15.8 8.6 1.7
Gallium 0.16 0.01 <0.01 0.08 0.07
Germanium 0.03 0.02 <0.01 0.02 0.04
Arsenic 0.039 0.01 <0.005 0.034 0.286
Selenium 0.06 <0.01 <0.01 0.05 0.06
Rubidium 5.44 <0.02 0.06 6.78 0.57
Strontium 10.5 13.8 0.37 8.4 76.6
Yttrium 0.213 0.172 <0.001 0.112 4.12
Zirconium 0.32 0.25 <0.01 0.22 0.43
Niobium 0.034 0.01 <0.002 0.02 0.025
Molybdenum 0.11 0.03 <0.02 0.11 0.03
Ruthenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Rhodium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Palladium 0.007 0.009 <0.005 0.015 0.107
Silver <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium 0.032 <0.005 <0.005 0.015 0.107
Tin 0.014 0.022 <0.005 0.015 0.107
Antimony 0.004 0.017 <0.002 <0.002 0.24
Tellurium <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Caesium 0.016 <0.001 <0.001 0.015 0.008
Barium 7.05 0.69 0.09 6.13 1.94
Lanthanum 0.144 0.112 <0.001 0.098 1.28
Cerium 0.334 0.149 <0.001 0.216 0.471
Praseodymium 0.043 0.022 <0.001 0.027 0.153
Neodymium 0.188 0.089 <0.001 0.109 0.653
Samarium 0.042 0.017 <0.001 0.024 0.116
Europium 0.012 0.005 <0.001 0.007 0.029
Gadolinium 0.044 0.02 <0.001 0.025 0.177
Terbium 0.007 0.003 <0.001 0.004 0.027
Dysprosium 0.042 0.018 <0.001 0.004 0.027
Holmium 0.008 0.004 <0.001 0.004 0.047
Erbium 0.022 0.012 <0.001 0.002 0.019
Thulium 0.003 0.002 <0.001 0.002 0.019
Ytterbium 0.019 0.014 <0.001 0.009 0.107
Lutetium 0.003 0.003 <0.001 0.001 0.016
Hafnium 0.011 0.008 <0.001 0.007 0.01
Tantalum 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 <0.001
Tungsten 0.003 0.031 <0.002 0.003 0.012
Rhenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.007
Osmium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Iridium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Platinum <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Gold <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Mercury <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Thallium 0.019 <0.005 <0.005 0.009 <0.005
Lead 0.638 0.023 <0.005 0.231 0.111
Bismuth <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Thorium 0.041 0.01 <0.001 0.031 0.024
Uranium 0.011 0.028 <0.001 0.008 0.237

Table 2: Trace element concentrations (continued)

Sample code TU16 TU17 TU18 TU19 TU20
Sample name Organic turmeric powder

Turmeric and black pepper

 Turmeric and piperine Turmeric whole Turmeric and black pepper tablets
Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Lithium 0.243 0.021 0.134 0.106 <0.005
Beryllium 0.014 0.124 0.009 0.006 <0.001
Boron 6 31 4 4 32
Sodium 1030 27 728 148 204
Magnesium 2810 584 1670 1750 375
Aluminium 1220 10.3 363 314 10.5
Silicon 1800 <100 900 500 1300
Phosphorus 3010 58200 2820 3220 30
Sulfur 1600 <500 1300 1200 <500
Potassium 46500 <20 29000 36200 <20
Calcium 3170 83500 1620 1380 16
Scandium 0.426 0.188 0.084 0.093 0.034
Titanium 82.8 4.8 10.8 19.6 0.9
Vanadium 5.95 0.55 0.65 1.11 0.01
Chromium 0.21 0.21 0.52 0.32 0.09
Manganese 48.2 10.1 70 37 0.2
Iron 906 23 154 182 2
Cobalt 0.617 0.015 0.156 0.226 <0.005
Nickel 1.07 <0.05 0.41 0.39 <0.05
Copper 5.38 0.18 2.37 2.44 0.05
Zinc 18.1 0.3 14.7 7.5 <0.2
Gallium 0.31 0.02 0.1 0.08 <0.01
Germanium 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.03 <0.01
Arsenic 0.068 0.015 0.052 0.047 <0.005
Selenium 0.06 0.03 0.11 0.02 <0.01
Rubidium 7.65 <0.02 13.8 4.91 <0.02
Strontium 14.5 26.9 14.3 7.98 0.09
Yttrium 0.371 1.53 0.168 0.122 0.008
Zirconium 0.34 0.12 0.11 0.16 0.4
Niobium 0.027 0.004 0.021 0.016 0.002
Molybdenum 0.08 0.02 0.12 0.07 0.02
Ruthenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Rhodium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Palladium 0.011 0.038 0.009 0.005 <0.005
Silver <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium 0.02 <0.005 0.065 0.014 <0.005
Tin 0.023 0.009 0.026 0.008 <0.005
Antimony 0.003 0.187 0.004 0.002 0.016
Tellurium <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Caesium 0.03 <0.001 0.031 0.02 <0.001
Barium 6.14 0.25 27.7 5.97 0.11
Lanthanum 0.227 0.204 0.23 0.102 0.012
Cerium 0.563 0.396 0.474 0.265 0.029
Praseodymium 0.069 0.066 0.052 0.029 0.003
Neodymium 0.305 0.324 0.203 0.125 0.009
Samarium 0.073 0.104 0.04 0.03 0.002
Europium 0.02 0.024 0.011 0.009 <0.001
Gadolinium 0.075 0.151 0.037 0.032 0.002
Terbium 0.013 0.028 0.005 0.005 <0.001
Dysprosium 0.074 0.185 0.028 0.028 0.001
Holmium 0.014 0.038 0.005 0.005 <0.001
Erbium 0.041 0.109 0.016 0.005 <0.001
Thulium 0.006 0.014 0.002 0.002 <0.001
Ytterbium 0.033 0.082 0.012 0.012 <0.001
Lutetium 0.005 0.012 0.002 0.002 <0.001
Hafnium 0.011 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.01
Tantalum 0.002 <0.001 0.001 0.001 <0.001
Tungsten 0.003 0.035 0.005 0.002 0.003
Rhenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Osmium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Iridium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Platinum <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Gold <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Mercury <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Thallium 0.019 <0.005 0.017 0.007 <0.005
Lead 0.159 0.03 0.152 0.072 0.012
Bismuth 0.002 <0.001 0.001 0.001 <0.001
Thorium 0.066 0.006 0.057 0.032 0.007
Uranium 0.02 0.113 0.017 0.009 0.001

Table 2: Trace element concentrations (continued)

Sample code TU21 TU22 TU23 TU24 TU25
Sample name Turmeric, ginger and black pepper tablets

Turmeric

 Ground turmeric Turmeric powder Cold liver oil and turmeric
Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Lithium <0.005 0.088 0.064 0.175 0.006
Beryllium <0.001 0.005 0.005 0.01 0.002
Boron <1 4 5 5 <1
Sodium 52 586 515 332 1340
Magnesium 435 1660 2060 2870 198
Aluminium 2.1 319 436 785 8.7
Silicon <100 600 1000 1300 1200
Phosphorus <10 2160 3240 2860 <10
Sulfur <500 1200 1400 1300 <500
Potassium <20 31900 39300 42500 <20
Calcium 13 1370 1950 3060 35
Scandium <0.005 0.089 0.144 0.267 0.03
Titanium 0.2 30.8 30.4 64.1 2.6
Vanadium <0.01 1.18 1.65 2.97 0.05
Chromium 0.14 1.4 0.36 1.18 0.12
Manganese <0.1 25.1 30.4 71.2 0.1
Iron 2 198 280 551 4
Cobalt <0.005 0.196 0.209 0.455 <0.005
Nickel 0.1 0.88 0.39 0.95 <0.05
Copper <0.05 3 3.23 4.56 0.75
Zinc 0.2 9.5 8.7 11.3 0.6
Gallium <0.01 0.08 0.12 0.2 <0.01
Germanium <0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 <0.01
Arsenic <0.005 0.093 0.02 0.052 <0.005
Selenium <0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 <0.01
Rubidium <0.02 3.39 5.59 5.55 <0.02
Strontium 0.03 8.51 14.8 13.5 0.15
Yttrium <0.001 0.095 0.144 0.285 0.016
Zirconium <0.01 0.23 0.24 0.47 0.28
Niobium 0.004 0.022 0.016 0.039 0.002
Molybdenum 0.16 0.28 0.11 0.1 0.0002
Ruthenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Rhodium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Palladium <0.005 <0.005 0.009 0.01 <0.005
Silver <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium <0.005 0.013 0.011 0.019 <0.005
Tin 0.02 0.007 0.007 0.018 <0.005
Antimony <0.002 0.002 <0.002 0.006 <0.002
Tellurium <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Caesium <0.001 0.01 0.008 0.021 <0.001
Barium 0.04 5.85 7.36 6.39 0.71
Lanthanum 0.001 0.106 0.101 0.159 0.019
Cerium 0.002 0.249 0.244 0.378 0.039
Praseodymium <0.001 0.03 0.03 0.049 0.005
Neodymium <0.001 0.12 0.129 0.225 0.016
Samarium <0.001 0.024 0.03 0.054 0.003
Europium <0.001 0.006 0.009 0.016 <0.001
Gadolinium <0.001 0.027 0.031 0.056 0.003
Terbium <0.001 0.004 0.005 0.009 <0.001
Dysprosium <0.001 0.02 0.029 0.055 0.002
Holmium <0.001 0.005 0.006 0.011 <0.001
Erbium <0.001 0.011 0.016 0.03 0.002
Thulium <0.001

0.001

 0.002 0.004 <0.001
Ytterbium <0.001 0.008 0.013 0.024 0.002
Lutetium <0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 <0.001
Hafnium <0.001 0.007 0.009 0.013 0.0004
Tantalum <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.002 <0.001
Tungsten 0.035 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003
Rhenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Osmium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Iridium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Platinum <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Gold <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Mercury <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Thallium <0.005 <0.005 0.008 0.013 <0.005
Lead <0.005 0.066 0.05 0.151 0.024
Bismuth <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Thorium <0.001 03035 0.018 0.043 0.005
Uranium <0.001 0.013 0.009 0.014 0.004

Table 2: Trace element concentrations (continued)

Sample code TU26 TU27 TU28 TU29 TU30
Sample name Turmeric

Turmeric

 Turmeric Turmeric Turmeric with black pepper
Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Lithium 0.01 0.007 0.016 0.007 0.005
Beryllium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Boron 1 <1 <1 <1 28
Sodium 42 10 20 6 147
Magnesium 411 242 162 243 287
Aluminium 63.6 18.4 28.4 19.7 9.2
Silicon 200 <100 <100 <100 1100
Phosphorus 910 360 210 370 30
Sulfur <500 <500 <500 <500 <500
Potassium 8850 5740 4460 5750 <20
Calcium 432 236 262 262 21
Scandium 0.024 <0.005 0.007 <0.005 0.028
Titanium 11.1 0.8 1.8 0.8 1.1
Vanadium 0.39 0.02 0.05 0.02 <0.01
Chromium 0.08 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Manganese 8 1.9 7.9 7.9 <0.1
Iron 49 6 9 6 1
Cobalt 0.033 0.006 0.007 0.007 <0.005
Nickel 0.08 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Copper 0.64 0.36 0.17 0.36 0.09
Zinc 2.1 1.9 1.3 1.8 0.2
Gallium 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Germanium <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Arsenic <0.005 <0.005 0.007 <0.005 <0.005
Selenium <0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.02 <0.01
Rubidium 2.01 3.28 0.66 3.52 0.03
Strontium 1.9 0.5 3.42 0.53 0.1
Yttrium 0.024 0.009 0.01 0.01 0.003
Zirconium 0.1 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.18
Niobium 0.007 0.002 0.006 0.004 <0.002
Molybdenum 0.03 0.14 0.15 0.17 <0.02
Ruthenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Rhodium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Palladium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Silver <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium <0.005 <0.005 0.01 <0.005 <0.005
Tin 0.007 <0.005 0.01 <0.005 <0.005
Antimony <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.002
Tellurium <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Caesium 0.002 0.008 0.003 0.006 <0.001
Barium 1.13 1.88 3.98 2.08 0.09
Lanthanum 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.02 0.004
Cerium 0.035 0.028 0.038 0.037 0.008
Praseodymium 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.004 <0.001
Neodymium 0.02 0.014 0.018 0.017 0.003
Samarium 0.005 0.002 0.003 0.003 <0.001
Europium 0.002 <0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Gadolinium 0.006 0.002 0.003 0.003 <0.001
Terbium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Dysprosium 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.002 <0.001
Holmium 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Erbium 0.003 <0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
Thulium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Ytterbium 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Lutetium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Hafnium 0.004 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.0004
Tantalum <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Tungsten <0.002 0.005 <0.002 0.002 <0.002
Rhenium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Osmium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Iridium <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Platinum <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Gold <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
Mercury <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Thallium <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Lead 0.011 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.008
Bismuth <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Thorium 0.003 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.003
Uranium 0.002 <0.001 0.003 0.001 0.002

Table 3: Curcuminoid concentrations

Sample code Product Average mass per tablet/capsule (g) Curcumin Concentration (mg/kg): A Curcumin Concentration (mg/kg): B DMC Concentration (mg/kg): A DMC Concentration (mg/kg): B BDMC Concentration (mg/kg): A BDMC Concentration (mg/kg): A Total Curcuminoids Concentration (mg/kg): A Total Curcuminoids Concentration (mg/kg): B
TU01 Turmeric powder NA 11,734 15,244 5,610 6,797 4,181 5,920 21,525 27,960
TU02 Turmeric with black pepper 0.60 9,027 10,139 3,806 4,131 3,055 3,500 15,888 17,770
TU03 Turmeric tablets 0.42 14,033 14,094 2,792 3,153 <LOQ <LOQ 16,825 17,247
TU04 Ground Turmeric NA 7,401 7,220 2,911 2,613 2,384 2,252 12,697 12,084
TU05 Turmeric 0.62 98,476 101,898 29,088 31,088 8,905 9,251 136,469 142,237
TU06 Turmeric and black pepper 0.35 24,630 22,962 4,804 5,092 <LOQ <LOQ 29,434 28,054
TU07 Organic Turmeric 0.46 22,085 25,256 9,826 11,153 8,503 9,953 40,415 46,362
TU08 Turmeric 0.53 80,671 81,022 23,871 24,744 8,309 8,472 112,850 114,238
TU09 Organic turmeric powder NA 14,154 13,688 6,066 5,790 4,126 4,120 24,346 23,598
TU010 Turmeric NA 19,430 20,852 8,981 11,245 8,159 9,693 36,570 41,790
TU011 Turmeric powder NA 13,060 14,870 6,261 6,929 5,135 5,798 24,455 27,598
TU12 Curcumin 1.00 438,679 466,572 31,578 34,215 5,590 6,566 475,847 507,309
TU13 Turmeric 3.96 35,686 38,380 9,732 7,759 2,275 2,365 47,875 48,504
TU14 Turmeric NA 13,777 15,542 6,544 8,524 4,783 6,501 25,104 30,567
TU15 Turmeric 1.57 69,805 66,148 20,086 16,064 4,781 4,356 94,672 86,568
TU16 Organic Turmeric powder NA 9,991 22,962 4,548 5,092 4,932 <LOQ 19,471 28,054
TU17 Turmeric and black pepper 0.15 286,110 258,679 13,279 12,958 3,324 3,014 302,712 274,651
TU18 Turmeric and piperine 0.61 11,670 11,075 4,625 4,195 4,556 4,660 20,851 19,930
TU19 Turmeric whole NA 17,717 16,420 9,182 8,598 6,517 6,312 33,416 31,330
TU20 Turmeric and black pepper tablets 0.25 58,081 59,475 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 58,801 59,745
TU21 Turmeric, ginger and black pepper tablets 0.34 25,735 24,505 6,870 6,967 3,519 3,284 36,124 34,756
TU22 Turmeric NA 7,196 7,201 2,424 2,738 2,504 2,589 12,125 12,528
TU23 Ground turmeric NA 16,554 15,931 6,925 6,483 5,925 5,554 29,404 27,967
TU24 Turmeric powder NA 13,688 14,050 5,558 5,880 4,978 5,069 24,224 24,998
TU25 Cod liver oil and turmeric 0.72 78,678 88,601 24,446 29,199 11,862 12,253 114,986 130,324
TU26 Turmeric (dry weight basis) NA 24,271 23,195 11,530 10,165 9,353 9,361 45,155 42,270
TU26 Turmeric NA 4,662 4,455 2,215 1,952 1,796 1,798 8,673 8,205
TU27 Turmeric  NA 16,278 18,492 11,112 12,614 5,819 7,130 33,209 38,237
TU27 Turmeric (dry weight basis) NA 2,059 2,339 1,405 1,595 736 902 4,200 4,835
TU28 Turmeric (dry weight basis) NA 36,591 49,527 19,796 27,391 18,008 25,817 74,395 102,735
TU28 Turmeric NA 2,749 3,721 1,487 2,058 1,353 1,940 5,589 7,718
TU29 Turmeric (dry weight basis) NA 15,352 15,228 10,255 10,718 5,606 5,817 31,213 31,763
TU29 Turmeric NA 1,993 1,977 1,332 1,392 728 755 4,053 4,124
TU30 Turmeric with black pepper 0.25 46,584 44,378 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 46,584 44,378
Control Ground Ginger NA <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

Table 4: Piperine concentrations

Sample number Product Average mass per tablet/capsule (grams) Piperine Concentration (mg/kg): A Piperine Concentration (mg/kg): B
TU02 Turmeric with black pepper 0.60 1,170 1,130
TU03 Turmeric tablets 0.42 <LOQ <LOQ
TU05 Turmeric 0.62 3,277 4,022
TU06 Turmeric with black pepper 0.35 92,131 89,469
TU07 Organic Turmeric 0.46 <LOQ <LOQ
TU08 Turmeric 0.53 <LOQ <LOQ
TU12 Curcumin 1.00 16,776 19,558
TU13 Turmeric 3.96 <LOQ <LOQ
TU15 Turmeric 1.57 7,837 7,270
TU17 Turmeric with black pepper herbal extract 0.15 164,103 199,609
TU18 Turmeric and piperine 0.61 653 457
TU20 Turmeric with black pepper tablets 0.25 31,629 38,423
TU21 Turmeric. ginger and black pepper tablets 0.34 34,457 33,129
TU25 Cod liver oil and Turmeric 0.34 <LOQ <LOQ
TU30 Turmeric with black pepper 0.34 140,509

138,428
Contorl Ground ginger Not applicable <LOQ <LOQ

Limit of quantification: Piperine = 107 mg/kg.

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